Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pharmacogenetics - Coggle Diagram
Pharmacogenetics
Goals
Individualised drug therapy based on DNA sequencing
Maximise therapeutic efficacy
Predict responders / nonresponders
Minimised adverse reactions
Drug Metabolism
Influenced by genetic makeup
Phases
Phase 1
Phase 2
CYP2D6 Genetic Polymorphism
Background
Metabolic ratio of parent drug to the 4-OH metabolite of the antihypertensive drug Debrisoquine varied cross populations.
Low ratio: Ultra metabolisers
100 polymorphisms of CYP2D6
10% of Caucasian Europeans have a defective CYP2D6 (autosomal recessive)
Defective CYP2D6 = Poor metabolisers
High parent drug plasma concentration that metabolite concentration
Drugs Metabolised by CYP2D6
Nortriptyline
β blocekrs
Risperidone
Codein
Metabolised to morphine
Poor metabolisers
Less analgesic effect
Ultra rapid metabolisers
Increased toxicity
Tamoxifen
Reduces recurrence of breast cancer
Metabolised to active Endoxifen
Poor metaboliser
REduced time to tumour recurrence, and survival
Metopropol
Poor metabolisers
High conc of metapropol
Greater adverse effects
Ultra rapid metabolisers
Lower conc of metapropol
Less effective blockage
CYP2C9 Polymorphism
Background
Chromosome 10
Drugs Metabolised by CYP2C9
S-warfarin
Poor metabolisers
Prolonged bleeding time
Increased incidence of severe bleeding episodes
Celecoxib
Dronabinol (THC)
Definition
The study of variation in drug response under hereditary control
Variability caused by
Pharmokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Drug allergies
Inherited diseases