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Esophagus - Coggle Diagram
Esophagus
Anatomical segments
Cervical
This segment lies just behind the trachea
Begins at the cricopharyngeus and terminates at the superasternal notch
Thoracic
The thoracic segment lies between the vertebral column and the trachea in the superior mediastinum
Abdominal
The abdominal segment from the diaphragm to the organs of the stomach
Swallowing
Esophageal phase (Involuntary)
Relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter
Allows peristalsis to move the bolus down the esophagus
Pharyngeal phase (Involuntary)
Peristalsis the bolus between the tonsils
Oral phase (Voluntary)
The tongue presses food against the hard palate
Forcing it toward the pharynx
Medulla and pons
Swallowing center
Nature
Length
About 25 cm in fully grown adults
Muscular tube organ
Upper 1/3
Striated muscle
Middle 1/3
Striated & smooth muscle
Lower 1/3
Smooth muscle
Peristalsis
Wavelike muscular contractions
Functional sphincter
Upper esophageal sphincters (UES)
Lower esophageal sphincters (LES)
Protects the esophagus from the reflux of gastric contents
Factors affecting LES pressure
Hormones
Decrease
CCK
Progesterone
GIP
Secretin
Somatostatin
VIP
Increase
Gastrin
Motilin
Substance P
Food
Decrease
Fat
Chocolate
Ethanol
Peppermint
Increase
Protein
Others
Decrease
Caffeine
Smoking
Gastric acidification
Increase
Histamine
Antaids
MMC