Autism representation within the Media

Autism Representation

Diversity in Representation

Victories in Representation

Failings in representation

Cultural/societal Perception

Sterotypes of Autism

Medias Response

Source: (Ressa, 2021)
When looking at it from the perspective of three shows (Atypical, Touch, and The Good Doctor) autism is typically represented in a way that is easier for the audience to digest and tend to show characteristics that are more enjoyable for audiences to watch. These shows tend to have a white heterosexual male in the role and typically represents someone that is high functioning on the autism spectrum

Source: (Ressa, 2021)
Savant-ism, emotional detachment, socially awkward, repetitive, obsessive traits

Source: (Ressa, 2021) False balance and false identity are major topics within this article. The author looks at how the lack of diversity in representation creates a false balance within the autism world meaning that it fails to look at the broad world of autism and limits it to white and privileged viewpoints, even though autism comes in all shapes and colors. False Identities come into play when a neurotypical or even autistic actor is meant to "act" autistic, creating a false world of what autism looks like.

source: (Ressa, 2021) This can lead to more awareness of Autism and has continuously grown in how it is portrayed in the media.

Source: (Ressa, 2021) This article helps to show how the shows can rely on stereotypical autistic traits and can cast the autistic character as either a victim or someone that is able to overcome their disability as if it is something to conquer. It fails to touch on all of the traits and mannerisms as well as the diversity of autism,

Source: (Ressa, 2021) The stereotypical representation can lead to an altered view of autism and misrepresent autism and all of its diversity. The shows don't allow society to see anything beyond the intended scope of the tv show. Tv shows have the ability to omit and address what they feel is a shedding light on autism to how they would like to it to come across and tend to miss the bigger picture. Society can rely on this representation and can be misinformed on autism because of it.

Limitations in Research

Source:(Ressa, 2021) The limitations fro this article are that there are only three shows being observed and also the personal perception of the teacher that is writing this article.

Source: (Nordahl-Hansen et al., 2018) How the media chooses to represent autism can lead to an increase in stereotypes and stigmas associated with autism.

Source: (Nordahl-Hansen et al., 2018) This article focuses on how the media tends to use savant-ism a lot when representing autistic characters.

Source:Source: (Nordahl-Hansen et al., 2018) This type of representation can cause people to believe that autism and savantism are always paired together, which in reality only one in three people with autism display these skills.

Source: Source: (Nordahl-Hansen et al., 2018) Points out how the media tends to rely on the savant like skills associated with autism.

Source: Source: (Nordahl-Hansen et al., 2018) This article focuses on one stereotype and tends to focus on more of the failings .

What is Autism?

Source: (Prochnow, 2014) Autism is a spectrum disorder that has an array of different levels upon it, a symptom that has a variety of traits associated with it. Usually follows the DSM-5 criteria which follows these associated traits: - shows a lack of awareness to social cues - can tend to be literal and unable to show affection in a normal fashion - unable to understand or engage in non-verbal behaviors and tends to not pick up on the cues associated with it - repetitiveness - difficulties forming/maintaining relationships - need for routines and/ore rituals - a fixation with certain objects or activities - sensitivity to certain sensory - tend to show signs at a young age ( 8 or under)

Source: (Prochnow, 2014) Within the media autism is usually showcased by being different or quirky and being a magical like being that help savant-like qualities, autism tended to be undiagnosed or unlabeled. This article looked at the show touch, the movie rain man, mozart the whale, martian child, adam, and documentaries

Source: (Prochnow, 2014) Can cause people to automatically think being autistic looks like someone who is quirky and highly intelligent, can tend to box in autism with stereotypical views that are inaccurate to the overall meaning of autism

Source: (Prochnow, 2014) Sugarcoats autism and fails to show any characters with severe autism. Representation within the media can be overly positive to the point of being inaccurate to its true nature.

Source: (Prochnow, 2014) Savant-ism and magical abilities, being considered different and/or quirky, having an unlabeled or undiagnosed disability which can cause for autism to represented as less than or like having that diagnosis is a negative thing or something to be ashamed of because of stereotypical views. Inability to understand social cues or maintain eye contact. unable to connect or have meaningful relationships

Source: (Prochnow, 2014) Documentaries allow for a more realistic representation and some movies (like Adam) are able to create more realistic characters that don't rely on those positive characteristics that make autism seem "special"

Source: (Prochnow, 2014) Fails to show any childhood representation and relies on adult characters to represent the community

Source: (Itkonen & Ream, 2013) History has shaped us to believe that autism was something to be cured and now is looked at as something that "happens" to a family and can lead someone to believe that it is a negative diagnosis

Source: (Itkonen & Ream, 2013) Scope of data and accurate representation due to limited resources

Source: (Itkonen & Ream, 2013) The CDC released a study in 2012 that showed that 1 in 88 children have autism, these numbers have doubled since 2007. Autism is more likely to be seen in males which could be a reason why it tends to be portrayed in males characters more than females in the media. Autism was first linked to being associated with how affectionate a mom was and stated that lack of maternal affection could cause autism, with time it was realized that this was not the case and that autism was more of a neurological and biological disorder

Source: (Ding et al., 2017) only looks at articles and scientific papers for resources on description of autism

Source: (Ding et al., 2017) Scientific papers show the physical and biological factors associated with autism and rely on that to inform the masses. While media focuses more on the social factors associated with autism.

Source: (Ding et al., 2017) Autism is a severe developmental disability, tends to lack social skill/cues. Leo Kanner coined the idea of "Refrigerator Mother Theory" in 1943 that believed that autism was a result of a lack of maternal warmth

Source: (Spencer, 2021) Looks at the movie Music directed by Sia. This movie leaned on the stereotypical representation of autism. Criticize heavily for using a stereotypical representation of autism

Source: (Spencer, 2021) This had an extremely negative reaction from society as it chose to not include an actress that was autistic for the role of an autistic character. There was a lot of backlash on representation and was viewed as politically incorrect.

Source: (Spencer, 2021) Failed to show a true representation of autism. Character, Music, got restrained in some segments of the movie which was not taken well by critics and society. Leaned on stereotypes to represent autism. Maddie Zielgal's portrayal of autism came off as catoonish and lacked knowledge of autism

Source: (Kurchak, 2021) Producer of Atypical responded to criticism of Atypical by making changes, including bringing on a consultant and working with Exceptional minds which helps to provide training and employment for Autistic people in animations. They also added autistic actors/actresses on as supporting characters in season 2 to help bring in authentic representation, Cast and crew have participated in community outreach hoping to spread awareness of autism

Source: (Spencer, 2021) Sia responded to the criticism by apologizing and stating that she attempted to cast an autistic actress, but said that the actress felt stressed and did not cope well with acting. She also explained that she ran maddies role and portrayal of autism within the movie by the child mind institute and they gave her portrayal 100% in terms of performance accuracy.

Source: (Spencer, 2021) Only shows the perception of one movie, mostly negative feedback

Source: (Jones et al., 2023) Intellectual genius, dangerous or incontrollable

Source: (Jones et al.,2023) Studies as recent as 2020 show that there has been an increase in diverse representation that have included representation from non-caucasian backgrounds and includes the LGBTQ+ community within the media

Source: (Jones et al.,2023) Highlighted strengths in autism and some media represented dual diagnosis. Allowed for all of the unique qualities that can be associated with autism to shine. Some representations of autism allowed the character to show empathy and interest in connections and relationships. Helped to educate and inform society about autism

Source: (Jones et al.,2023) relied on stereotypes associated with autism and there were some negative portrayals including comparing an autistic boy to a robot or non-human like functions. Focused on autism being a handicap or made someone feel/look different than the norm. Made autism look supernatural or genuis-like.Many of the representation were from white heterosexual priveledged males

Source: (Jones et al., 2023) paints autism in a limited scope, thus not allowing for society to understand the varying differences in autism. Relies on stereotypical characters to portray autism instead of all of the vastly different characteristics and situations that can be associated with autism

source: (Jones et al., 2023) the scope of study

Source: (Magro, 2023) ( Written by an autistic individual) Talks about the show Love on the spectrum and how it seeks to show autism in an authentic light by allowing it to show the reality of looking for love while on the spectrum. This shows has a diverse case who are all on different levels of the spectrum and allows them to be themself

Source: (Magro, 2023) Different and unique characteristics of autism of a cast that includes men, women, and members of the LGBTQ+ community all of varying ages and levels of independence

Source: (Magro, 2023) Shows family dynamics and how they interact and can show a true representation of social skills, love, dating on the spectrum, and the unique characteristics that can be associated with being on the spectrum.Diverse and authentic representation of autism

Source: (May, 2022) Hits on the fact that a lot of media relies on the ideas that society has of what autism means and what it should look like and tends to not stray away from that perception. When a person is cast as an autistic character that becomes there sole purpose in the role, playing an autistic person, which goes above the actual personality or unique qualities outside of the spectrum

Source: (May, 2022) typically has neurotypical ideas of what autism is both in the shows/movies from the cast and crew. Typically cast roles to white males

Source: (May, 2022) Doesn't utilize authentic autistic representation or input on how it should be represented. People are unable to recognize autism unless it is obvious and stereotypical traits so they can fail to identify with them ( especially autistic community that don't display obvious traits) Lacks characters that don't center around the idea of what autism looks like

Source: (May, 2020) The misrepresentation of all of the varying character traits of autism can make people unaware of the non-traditional characteristics associated with autism. This makes for a very narrow interpretation of what autism is supposed to look like.

Source: (Hattenstone, 2021) - The awareness of autism - rain man was made when not a lot of talk or knowledge of autism was available - the unique and sometimes authentic telling of how autism can be different and present different challenges - In Keep the Change it allows for the representation of love and sex within the autistic world - In What;s eating Gilbert Grape - the movies doesn't revolve the whole movie around autism but rather tells a story that happens to include an autistic character

Source: (Hattenstone, 2021) Looks at different films and how they have represented autism. Films typically involved stereotypical characteristics, but have allowed some authentic representation overtime. Representation can be diverse from film to film and have both pros and cons

Source: (Hattenstone, 2021) Some of the films make the focus on autism and rely on stereotypes to make it readable. A lot of earlier films features a lot of savant-ism in autistic characters

Source: (Hattenstone, 2021) Savantism, ticks and quirks, obsessive tendencies, repetition, avoidance of eye contact, monotoned

Source: (Hattenstone, 2021) Autistic people can find communication/social skills to be limited and display repetitive behavior, sensory issues like sensitivity to light, touch sound, etc.

Source: (Hattenstone, 2021) tends to portray that autistic people should have genius-like qualities and tend to look/act a certain way

Source: (Kurchak, 2021) Atypical - catersto a neurotypical audience and has a stereotypical interpretation of autism.Follows an Autistic character who is looking to start dating and become more independent

Source: (Kurchak, 2021) In Atypical they cast a neurotypical actor for the lead role that was portraying an autistic character, even though several autistic actors auditioned. It lacked authentic representation, relied heavily on stereotype of autism. Character was never held accountable for his actions, everything was excused because of his autism

Source: (Kurchak, 2021) obsessive behaviors, shown in his fascination of penguins and lack of social skills

Source: (Kurchak, 2021) Main character of Atypical was a heterosexual white male that came from a middle class family, but later the show added autistic actors in supporting roles from different backgrounds

Source: (Eastwood et al., 2022) The constant misrepresentation of autism can create a stigma associated with autism that in order to be considered autistic, you must present a certain set of behavior or characteristics

Source: (Eastwood et al., 2022) tends to look at autism and how it should look when we present it a certain way instead of how it can feel as an experience in being autistic

Source: (Brook, 2015) -94% of people in executive ranks of film studios are white - study done in 2013. This does not allow for diverse input when it comes to film representation

Source: (Brook, 2015) Cameron Crow (producer of Aloha) responds to casting Emma Stone in a role that was meant to represent Hawaiian and Chinese culture, Crowe apologized and claimed to be misguided in casting choice

Source: (Hopkins, 2019) Allows for improving awareness -Shaun from The Good Doctor shows empathy and shows that autistic individuals are more than capable of understanding complex emotions -Fiona from Elementary features a female character

Source: (Hopkins, 2019) Look at autism through a narrow scope and relies on stereotypes - doesn't allow for people with non-typical autistic traits to relate to characters on screen

Source: (Hopkins, 2019) Rain man - main character follows routines, throws tantrums when routine changes or experiences sensory overload, displays savant skills. The Good Doctor - lack of eye contact, lack of social skills, sensory sensitivities, savant skills. Atypical- sam- mono-tones, lack of social skills, fixation on penguins. Elementary - Fiona - literal, lack of eye contact, fixation on cats

Source: (James, 2023) Lola in Cha Cha Real Smooth was autistic in real life and helped in authentically representing autism and they even constulted with RespectAbility to ensure that autism was represented authentically. Quinni in Heartbreak High helped in representing a female autistic character who was also queer, actress was autistic as well in real life
Everythings gonna be alright helped by casting some autistic actresses and actors to represent the autistic roles, while also showing poly-amorous and LGBTQ+ communtiy