Are large bodies of air that have similar traits, such as humidity, temperature and air pressure throughout

Form over land, and as a result are very dry due to the lack of moisture over land

Very hot and warm, due to forming in hot regions

Transition periods where air masses meet but don't mix

Cold air replaces warm air. These form faster than most other fronts

When warm and cold air are at a standstill, where neither one can move

When warm air is caught between 2 cold air masses

A cold front occurs when a rapidly moving cold air mass and a slowly moving warm air mass meet. The warm air mass rises, cools, and condenses, often bringing precipitation.

Warm fronts occur when a fast-moving warm air mass meets a slowly-moving cold air mass. If the warm air is humid then rain. if the warm air is dry then scattered clouds.

Thunderstorms form within large cumulonimbus clouds. Most cumulonimbus clouds form when warm air is forced upward at a cold front.

Where the warm and cool air meet, water vapor in the warm air condenses into rain, snow, fog, or clouds. If the front stays stalled over one area, it could bring many day of clouds, and rain.

The denser cool air masses move under the less dense warm air masses and pushes it upward, the cooler air masses meet in the middle, and they may mix.

These form because of downward motion in the atmosphere. Think of it as air just piling up in one spot. Now you have a big bubble of air pressing down and out on the Earth's surface.

These high pressure systems typically bring sunny, dry weather and calm winds. A lot of deserts are formed by permanent or semi-permanent high pressure systems.

Low pressure systems typically bring cloudy skies and some form of precipitation. Tropical cyclones and big snowstorms are all examples of low pressure systems.

Created when air flows from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure, to reach equilibrium.

Meterologist: a scientist who studies the causes of weather and tries to predict it.

A Wind Vane, which tells the direction in which the wind is flowing

Like winds, they are still caused due to uneven heating of our atmosphere but travel a much shorter distance

Note: Breezes are always named after WHERE THEY CAME FROM

Originated from land, only during the night where the air travels from the land to the sea. Warm air rises above the ocean, while cold air sinks over land

Originated from the sea, occurs only during the daytime where the air travels from the sea to land. Cold air sinks over the ocean while warm air rises above land

Radiation: Transfers through electromagnetic radiation

Very thin, and they form incredibly high in the atmosphere

Usually resembling a low stratus, fog is a cloud near the ground

Tall, fluffy and white. They are flat at the bottom and usually is a sign that there is good weather on the way.

Long, thin blankets of gray clouds that usually mean decent weather, but they do make it gloomy.

Taller and darker versions of Cumulus clouds, which usually are a sign for heavy rain.

a violent disturbance in the atmosphere, including thunder and lightning

a funnelling cloud that touches the ground on earth.

Turns out, convection causes all of these storms!
Clouds are the basis of thunderstorms, and clouds are formed due to warm air containing water vapor rising. Tornadoes gain their ferocious destruction and power through warm air circling around the funnel, while cold air goes down the middle. Unlike the tornado, for the hurricane cold air circles around the body while warm air fuels up the middle.

a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour or more

Polar Cells, when warm air rises and cold air sinks at 90 degrees north and south

Coriolis effect: Due to the Earth’s rotation, winds and currents deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

Polar Easterlies:They are formed as cold sinking air moves from the poles towards 60 degrees North and South Latitude.

Westerlies: They flow towards the poles from West to East. They can carry moist air over the Unites States producing rain and snow.
(Between 30 degrees latitude and 60 degrees latitude)

Uneven heating of the Earth produces pressure belt, and it occurs at about 30 degrees of latitude. The combination of Convection Belts and Coriolis Effect causes Global Winds Pattern.

Doldrums:There are regions that are CALM AREAS near the equator that do not have any wind or very little wind, as warm air rises. Near the equator there is little wind, so there is a lot of horizontal motion, and lots of precipitation.

Horse latitudes are CALM AREAS of sinking cold air and have very little precipitation and have calm winds (30 degrees North and South)

Global convection currents: These giant currents occur in the atmosphere and are produced by temperature differences between the equator and the poles.

An Upwelling is when surface winds displace the warmer surface water in the ocean.

The Global conveyor belt starts in the Arctic where sea water freezes without salt, so the salinity of the water around the ice increases, and it sinks, so warm water comes to take its place.

Occurs every 2-7 years, leads to weaker trade winds traveling in the opposite direction with more evapoartion and moisture in the atmosphere

Stronger Trade winds than usual, a cooling of the water in the Pacific Ocean followed by a global climate shift which brings stronger upwellings and a variation of preciptation in some areas.

Ocean currents act much like a conveyer belt, transporting warm water from the equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics. Thus, currents help to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface.

Salt water makes up the remaining 97%, but it is undrinkable without proper filtration

Around the world, about 125,000 species live in fresh water habitats, while millions of other species, like us require fresh water to drink

Losses in biodiversity can also lead to problems with the availability of food and a disruption of the food chain. This can lead to certain animals increasing or decreasing in mass, and could make some species invasive.

Biodiversity plays an important role in the cleaning of water. When water passes through most rivers and streams, they encounter a number of alage and fungi that filtrate the water so we can drink it.

Water condenses on the leaves of plants, leading to a constant drip of water flowing into streams, which makes clean, unpolluted water.

Also known as "water tamers" 💀 due to providing water for hundreds of nearby towns

This is because they are incredibly fragile, and unable to recover from most forms of damage or pollution. It is estimated that 1.1% of all cloud forests are cleared out every year.

Around 66% of a billion people remain without access to fresh water

The consequences of water scarcity can lead to economical and food production losses.