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hormones and aggression - Coggle Diagram
hormones and aggression
testosterone
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testosterone varies in a man's life due to: marital status, BMI, nutrition, age,
increased antenatal exposure to testosterone leads to increased susceptibility to testosterone when out of the womb. organising effect on the developing brain, leading to increased spatial ability and (arguably) competitive aggression
BASAL MODEL- more testosterone in an individual, the more likely they are to be more dominant and competitive.
DABBS AND HARGROVE- measured testosterone levels of female inmates in a prison. degree of criminal violence positively correlated with testosterone levels
DEPO PROVERA (medroxyprogesterone acetate)- female contraceptive injection but also works in men to reduce aggression and sexual behaviour
neonatal exposure to testosterone- sensitises certain neural circuits. stimulates cell growth in amygdala increases aggression
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cortisol
POPMA - high testosterone and low cortisol= aggressive behaviour. high testosterone and high cortisol= influence on aggression is blocked
DUAL HORMONE HYPOTHESIS- role of second hormone, cortisol, that is involved with aggression
oxytocin
DAUGHTERS- endocrine system disorders that reduce oxytocin also have low level of empathy compared to healthy controls.
low levels of oxytocin mean an individual is more likely to be aggressive as they cannot empathise with others
other factors
3 factors: environment, individual characteristics, behaviour
RECIPROCAL MODEL- person's behaviour both influences and is influenced by personal factors and environmental factors
suggests that testosterone is an effect of dominance, not the cause of it
evaluation
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-much research has been conducted on small mammals- brain areas and agg differ on different species- generalisability?
+practical applications, if aggression is chemically controlled you can produce a drug to reduce behaviour. beneficial for individuals and communities
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