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2.1 - rehabilitation of injury (treatment methods) - Coggle Diagram
2.1 - rehabilitation of injury (treatment methods)
stretching
acute phase
the first 3 days of injury no stretching should occur
PRICE and complete rest should be the main focus as stretching will cause more damage
mid phase
after 3 days, active rehabilitation can start because bleeding and swelling would have stopped
for 2 weeks, heat therapy and gentle static and passive stretching will help speed up the recovery process
later phase
after a further 2 weeks, strength, coordination and motion should be focused on
more stretches will be added so that there is a decrease in pain and a increase in range of motion
long term
range of motion should be increased which means connective tissue to be strengthened
active and dynamic stretching should be used as a development programme
massage
it helps to realign the connective tissue fibres and flushes the toxins from the damaged areas
it is used mainly for soft issues injuries as well as injury prevention programme
sports massage can:
move fluid and nutrients through damage tissue to encourage healing and accelerate the removal of waste products
stretch tissue, releasing tension and pressure and improving elasticity
breaks down scar tissue from previous injuries
reduce pain and generate heat, circulation and relaxation
cold, heat and contract therapies
cold therapy
use of ice or cold water to reduce the tissue temperature. metabolic rate and speed of nerve impulses
also be known as cryotherapy, which is mainly used after acute injuries for periods up to 20 mins and reapplied every 1-3 hours
PRICE: has to be applied as soon as possible for 24-48 hours - best treatment for acute soft tissue injuries
ice packs are preferable
ice baths: for 10 mins at 10 degrees C
shown to reduce the pain and drop in performance associated with EIMD post exercise
Cryokinetics: ice application followed by rehabilitation exercises
treats ligaments sprains
heat therapy
used to reduce muscle tension, stiffness and pain as well as increasing blood flow and the healing response to a damaged area
used for chronic injuries and late stage acute injuries during rehab
heat packs, hot towels, heat rubs and warm water immersion for up to 20 mins at a time
stretching can be combined to help increase connective tissue
shouldn't be used in acute phase of an injury as the greater blood flow will increase swelling
contrast therapy
increases blood flow and decreases pain and swelling after exercise
once the bleeding has stopped and inflammation has gone, contrast therapy can be used
anti-inflammatory drugs
ibuprofen and aspirin are the most common drugs used to treat acute sports injuries
when used, chemicals released by the damaged cells cause the swelling and redness which activates the pain receptors
these medications are taken to reduce inflammation, temperature and pain after the injury
side effects =
heartburn, nausea, headaches and diarrhoea
the long term use of these drugs with chronic injuries should be monitored by a health professional as they can have health consequences in the future
physiotherapy
physical treatment of injuries and disease using methods of mobilisation, massage, exercise therapy and postural training
mobilisation and manipulation of joints and tissues
electrotherapy to repair and stimulate tissues
exercise therapy to strengthen muscles
massage to stretch and relax tissues, relieve pain and increase circulation
sport specific rehabilitation programme design and advice
posture and alignment training to release tension, minimise injury and maximise power output
surgery
they include the repair of damaged soft tissue, realignment of bones and repositioning of joints
Knee ligament surgery - ACL reconstruction where the tissue graft is used to replace the ACL and restore full function
Shoulder stabilisation surgery - after repeated dislocations, surgery can be used to stabilise the shoulder joint by anchoring the humerus into the scapula and repairing the joint capsule
Meniscal tear surgery - cartilage tear in the knee, surgery aims to repair as much of the damaged cartilage as possible
Two main types of surgery:
Arthroscopy (keyhole surgery) =
under general or local anaesthetic a small incision is made and a tiny camera is used to guide the repair
athlete will suffer less pain and risk of infection and a faster recovery time
Open surgery =
under general or local anaesthetic, an incision is made to open a joint to repair or reconstruct damaged structures
stronger repair, however a higher risk of injection and scarring is significant