injury prevention, responding to injuries and medical conditions in sport
intrinsic factors
extrinsic factors
individual variables
previous injury
posture and alignment issues
age
nutrition
training effects
poor preparation
inadequate fitness level
inappropriate flexibility level
poor technique and training
incorrect equipment and clothing
warm up and cool down effectiveness
inappropriate intensity, duration or frequency of activity
- an athlete should never return to training after an injury until declared fit
- injuries can cause a loss of connective tissue strength, imbalance between muscle groups, decreased joint stability etc
- different leg lengths, scoliosis cause biomechanical changes requiring connective tissues to handle forces in unnatural ways
- increases injury risk as bone tissue loses strength and as connective tissue suffer overuse, wear and tear they become more prone to injury
- is important for injury prevention and recovery
- protein for growth and repair of cells and tissues
- carbs for energy production to reduce the onset of fatigue
- fats for protection and cushioning
- vitamins and minerals for bone growth and repair
increase the risk of injury
running a marathon without the appropriate training will result in catastrophic injury
- if the intensity, duration or frequency of training or ability of opponents are too high it can lead to injury
- early fatigue can lead to a poor technique, wrong decisions and a drop in performance
- lead to poor joint stability and a limited range of motion
- too much flexibility can also lead to poor joint stability
SALTAPS
PRICE
Six R's
S - stop = stop the game if a player is injured and observe the injury
A - ask = ask questions about the injury
L - look = search for specific signs such as bruising, swelling, broken skin etc
T - touch = gently palpate the injured area to identify painful regions
A - active movement = ask the player whether they can move the injured area through its full range of motion
P - passive movement = if there is active movement, gently move the injured area through its full range of motion
S - strength testing = ask the player to stand, lift or put pressure on the injured area if they can
Protection = protect the injury and the person from any further damage
- stop playing and use padding, splints or crutches to get them off the field of play
Rest = all the injury time to heal and prevent further damage
Ice = apply ice indirectly to the skin to reduce inflammation and pain
- 10 mins of application repeated after 1 hours break
Compression = compressing the injury with tear tape or stretching bandages will help to reduce the swelling
- monitor the tightness of the compression
Elevation = raise the injury above heart level to reduce blood flow to the area
Recognise = parents, players, coaches and officials should all be aware of the signs and symptoms of concussion
Remove = if a player has concussion or suspected concussion, they must be removed from the field of play immediately
Refer = if removed from the field of play, the player should be referred immediately to a qualified healthcare professional who is trained in treating concussion
Rest = players must rest from exercise until they are symptom free and not be left on their own for the first 24 hours
Recover = players must full recover and be symptom free before considering to play
- adults must take at least a week and under 18's two weeks before seeking authorised return from a professional
Return = to complete a safe return the player must be symptom free, have written authorisation and complete a protocol