Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
energy for exercise - Coggle Diagram
energy for exercise
energy continuum
intensity very high: duration <10 seconds
- in individual activities such as throwing, throws and sprints where the intensity was very high and duration is 2-10 seconds
- the ATP-PC system will be predominant
intensity high: duration 10 seconds to 3 minutes
- in individual activities such as 400m, 200 m freestyle where the intensity is high and duration is between 10 seconds and 3 minutes
- the glycolytic system will be predominant
intensity low-moderate: duration >3 minutes
- in individual activities such as marathons, triathlons and cross country skiing where the intensity is moderate but relatively constant for a significant duration
- the aerobic system will be predominant
- energy continuum will depend on the performers fitness, recovery intervals, type of activity, tactics and player position
ATP-PC system
- Type of reaction = anaerobic
- Site of reaction = Sarcoplasm
- Food fuel used = Phosphocreatine
- Controlling enzyme = creatine kinase
- by product = none
- ATP yield = 1:1
- exothermic reaction: PC --> P + C + energy
- endothermic reaction: Energy + P + ADP --> ATP
- Intensity of activity = very high intensity
- Duration of system = 2-10secs
Strengths:
- no delay for oxygen
- no fatiguing by-products
- provides energy for high intensity activities
Weaknesses:
- low ATP yield
- small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue after 8-10 secs
Glycolytic system
- Type of reaction = anaerobic
- site of reaction = sarcoplasm
- food fuel used = glycogen/glucose
- controlling enzyme = GPP, PFK and LDH
- ATP yield = 1:2
- anaerobic glycolysis: glycogen/glucose --> pyruvic acid + energy
- endothermic reaction = energy + 2P + 2ADP --> 2ATP
- by products = lactic acid
- intensity = high intensity
- duration = up to 3 mins depending on intensity
strengths:
- no delay for oxygen and large fuel stores in the liver, muscles and blood stream
- lactic acid can be recycled into fuel for further energy production
- provides energy for high intensity activities
weaknesses:
- fatiguing by product lactic acid reduces enzyme activity
- relatively low ATP yield
Aerobic system
- type of reaction = aerobic
- site of reaction = sarcoplasm, matrix and cristae of mitochondria
- food fuel used = glycogen/glucose and triglycerides
- controlling enzyme = GPP, PFK, co-enzyme A and lipase
- ATP yield = 1:38
- aerobic glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and electron transport chain
- exothermic reaction = glucose + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
- endothermic reaction = energy + 38P + 38ADP --> 38 ATP
- by products = CO2 and H2O
- intensity of activity = low-moderate/sub-maximal intensity
- duration of activity = 3 mins onwards
strengths:
- large fuel stores
- high ATP yield and long duration of energy production
weaknesses:
- delay for oxygen delivery and complex series of reactions
- slow energy production limits activity to sub maximal intensity
ATP resynthesis
- the store of ATP in the muscle cell is exhausted quickly lasting 2-3 seconds
- for someone to continue exercising, ATP must be constantly resynthesized or rebuilt
- an endothermic reaction has to occur where energy from the surrounding area is absorbed to rebuild the high energy bond
- one of the three systems provides energy which breaks down the food fuels stored around the body