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Chapter 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - sea of delocalized electrons are able to carry electrical charges
    - - arranged in a regular lattice structure
      - When external force is applied, the layers of cations slide over each other resulting in the metal to bend and be malleable
- - - - Flat hexagonal layers
      - Weak forces of attraction hold layers together
    - - Soft and slippery
        
        Small amount of energy is required to overcome the weak intermolecular forcess of attraction between the layers
        
        Layers are able to slide over each other easily when a force is applied which allows it to be a good lubricant
      - Good electrical conductor
        
        Each carbon atom has an outer electron that did not take part in bonding
      - High melting and boiling point
        
        large amount of energy is required to overcome these numerous, strong covalent bonds
  - - - Tetrahedral structure
    - - Very hard
      - Very high melting point
        
        A large amount of energy is required to overcome the strong covalent bonds between atoms
      - Non-conductor of electricity
        
        All outer electrons are used in bonding
  - - - Tetrahedral arrangement of atoms
    - - very hard
      - Very high melting point
        
        Large amount of energy is required to overcome the strong covalent bonds
      - Non-conductor of electricity
        
        All valence electrons were used in bonding so there are no mobile electrons to conduct electricity
- - - - Large amount of energy is required to overcome the strong electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions
    - - Molten state
        
        In molten state, ions break out of the lattice structure and are free to move
        
        mobile electrons carry electric charges, conducting electric current through the molten liquid
      - Solid state
        
        Ions are held in fixed positions
        
        No mobile ions to carry electric charge
- - - - No free-moving ions or electrons present to carr the electric charges
    - - Small amount of energy is required to overcome the weak intermlecular forces of attraction
        
        When a simple molecule melts, it is the weak intermolecular frces that are overcome.
    - - Mostly insoluble in wtaer except for organic solvents