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Kantian ethics - Coggle Diagram
Kantian ethics
The three formulations of the categorical imperative are the formulate of the law of nature. The formula of the end in itself. And the formula of kingdom of ends
The universaliizability the action is right if the maxim can be universalised if everyone gave a little money to charity universally people in poverty could improve their lives
Means to an end every rational being exists as an end in himself and not merely as a means to be used by this or that will. Should always treaty person as an ends never as a means only, do not use people as a means to your own end
Every individual should behaviour as though every other individual was an end, I should treat the actions of all other rational people as rules for me
Kantian ethics is based on reason and logical so not clouded by eeotions or senses. This is a deontological arguement the study of duty
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Concept of duty: duty involves freely choosing the action, for Kant duty is what you ought to do we have a moral obligation to perform certain actions. We have free will to follow our duty doing wat is right for no other reason than because it is good thing to do.
As long as you do your duty you are morally blameless, a duty is discovered through a categorical imperative, for Kant using emotion or doing something for personal gain or authority command is wrong.
For Kant an act is only good if it an act based on the sense of good will, a moral action is one performed with goodwill, wanting to benefit other- good intentions, good will is the highest form of good
Kant uses the example of the shop keeper, a shop keeper is only nice to you because they want the customers money to make profit this is an example of not good will
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Moral law is made up of duty and goodwill meaning everyone can reason how they ought to behave in situation
Kant argues that errors occur in moral thinking wen follow heteronomous approaches, that is arguement based on following laws set down by others . The only moral law we should follow is that which is knowable by reason
Hypothetical imperative is a commend to achieve a described result “ if I want x I must do y” if I am cold I must put on another layer.
Kant didn’t agree with this imperative because there is no obligation to obey this imperative unless you want to achieve the outcome. A hypothetical imperative is not an absolute , judgements are not connect wit ethics
Categorical imperative is an act that is good in itself (intrinsically) regardless of consequences it is not dependant on what I might wish and does not differ between people
You should, must and will are all absolute the right thing to do and need no justification
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Freedom of autonomy- rational creatures are free but they gain this freedom by adopting a formal law of action whereby principles can be universalised. We are fully rational beings capable of knowing absoultuy what our duty is.
Immortality -perfect virtue ought to be rewardied with perfect happiness the highest good. This is not achievable in this life but in the next.
God- if summon bonus can be achieved in the next life, there must be someone to ensure it happens, if you dont think their is happiness you dont need god
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