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Legal, moral, cultural and ethical issues - Coggle Diagram
Legal, moral, cultural and ethical issues
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Moral and ethical issues
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Artificial intelligence
- The ability of a computer to replicate human intelligence
- Used in expert systems which replicate the knowledge of an expert in a subject
- Made up of a knowledge base which is interrogated to find diagnoses
- Used in medicine to draw links between illnesses and form diagnoses
- Used in neural networks for pattern detection and identifying financial fraud
- AI is used in voice recognition systems such as in smart home systems
- Provide convenience for people but raise concerns about privacy
- AI raises questions about accountability
- Who is responsible when things go wrong?
- What rights should sentient AI have?
Environmental effects
- People throw away more devices than ever before as technology has become more affordable and widely accessible
- Computer components are toxic and can contaminate water supplies. Environmental standards to be disposed which is considered immoral
- Electricity to power our device requires using up fossil fuels which emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming
- Impact future generations and harm biodiversity
- In parallel, there has been a growth in environmentally-friendly technologies
- Examples include smart home systems which use sensors to determine when heating and lighting should be switched
- Devices offer 'Sleep' and 'Stand-by' features
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Monitor behaviour
- Computers are used to monitor people's behaviour in various environments
- Employers monitor productivity by tracking the websites workers are accessing
- Surveillance systems, such as CCTV cameras, are used to detect crime
- Ankle monitors are used to track people under house arrest
- Some argue that this is unethical and contravenes basic human rights
- Others argue that this is essential to put people off committing crime
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Layout, colour paradigms and character sets
Layout:
- Web developers must consider who will be viewing websites when designing them
- The Equality Act introduced in 2010 makes it illegal to discriminate against providing a service to a certain group of people
- It must be easy for users to navigate between pages
- Menus must be displayed on the appropriate side of the page depending on how the language is read
- People with visual impairments may need to enlarge text or alter the contrast
- Websites should provide alt text for images and provide a screen magnifier option
- Transcripts of audio files should be provided for those with hearing impairments
Colour paradigms:
- Web designers must consider how colours are interpreted around the world
- Some colours are regarded as unlucky in certain cultures
Character sets:
- Websites should be accessible to as wide an audience as possible
- Website content needs to be translated into multiple languages
- Unicode is the preferred character set for this as it is able to represent over a million characters