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Communities and Ecosystems - Coggle Diagram
Communities and Ecosystems
Food Web
Most species cannot be classified as belonging solely to one trophic level
Trophic Levels
Primary Producers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
A food web shows all the possible food chains in a community
Organisms exist within food webs
Food webs consist of many interlinked food chains
Therefore organisms exist in multiple food chains often at different trophic levels
Gursha Mul Diagrams
Gursha Mul Diagrams were first developed in 1976, by PF Gersmehl, to show the differences in nutrient flow and storage between different ecosystems.
Decomposition of the litter into inorganic nutrients, which are then stored in the soil
Littering (including withering, defoliation, excretion, unconsumed parts left over, dead bodies of animals and so on)
Nutrient uptake by plants
Flows between the sinks:
Construction of Gersmehl diagrams to show the inter-relationships between nutrient stores and flows between taiga, desert and tropical rainforest
Taiga
Desert
Tropical Rainforest
Gross Production Vs Net Production
Energy is not entirely lost in a food web or in a food chain
organisms do trap some of that energy and it forms biomass
Net production
Conversion ratios
FCR
A good low FCR is obtained by minimizing the losses of energy by respiration
High net productivity
Biomes
A biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat
Primary Succession
Ecological succession is the predictable and orderly changes in composition of an ecosystem.