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Communities and Ecosystems - Coggle Diagram

- - - - What affects the transfer of nutrients between litter, soil and biomass is temperature and amount of rainfall.
- - - - Net Production (NP): GP - energy lost through respiration. Amount of biomass that is available to the next trophic level
- - - - Organic matter: starch (stored energy) proteins & structural molecules. A lot of stored energy and nutrients are used by each individual.
      - Becomes: Biomass the total dry mass of organic matter in organisms or ecosystems.
- - - - A good (low) FCR is obtained by minimizing the losses of energy by respiration, for example:
        
        Restricting animal movement.
        
        Slaughtering the animal at a young age (older animals have higher FCRs as they grow more slowly).
        
        Optimizing feed so it is efficiently digested.
- - - - Around 90% of energy is lost between tropic levels:
      - Not ingested (eaten. Not digested or assimilated. Excreted. Lost as heat from respiration.
      - Tertiary, secondary, primary consumers and producers.
- - - - Gross production increases:
        
        First colonizers are lichens on rock surfaces. Soil builds up, following death of smaller lichens. Larger plants take root as soil deepens. Productivity plateus as soil's carrying capacity is reached.
    - - Secondary Succession are disturbances that caan be natural or caused by human activity