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HISPANIC DOMINANCE, arbol genealogico, territorios de carlos, cruz, image,…
HISPANIC DOMINANCE
2. THE HISPANIC MONARCHY UNDER FELIPE II
Felipe II -> Madrid the capital (1561). Implement the monarchical government based on a system of councils.
Council system
Councils were created and located in the Alcázar of Madrid.
Carlos V abdicated (1556) and inheritance was divided:
Fernando (brother) -> Habsburg Empire.
Felipe II (son) -> Spain and Burgundy (1556-1598).
1.THE UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN EMPIRE OF CARLOS V
Carlos -> grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Territories inherited by Carlos V
From Juana I (mother).
Kingdom of Castilla and Aragon.
From Felipe I (father).
Inherited the kingdoms from Mary (paternal grandmother) Flanders and Burgundy.
From Maximilian I (paternal grandfather).
Austrian, parts of the Holy Roman Empire and the title of emperor.
The vast empire -> no real political unity.
2 key areas
Flanders (trade, craft).
Castilla (important financial resources -> metals).
Wars in the empire
Carlos V, was crowned emperor (Holy Roman Empire) -> wanted to establish a universal Christian Empire, but some kingdoms opposed.
The Ottoman Empire
The pope
Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.
France
3. THE HISPANIC KINGDOMS UNDER CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
16th century -> many banditry in Aragón. 4 main rebellions:
Rebellions during Felipe II reign:
The revolt of Aragón (1591), the lower nobility, artisans and the working classes.
The war of the Alpujarras (1568, Granada), the moriscos revolted against the prohibition of some of their customs.
Rebellions during Carlos V reign:
The revolt of the Comuneros (1520, Castilla), by the nobility and the wealthy middle class of Spain.
The revolt of the Germanías (1519-1523, Valencia and Mallorca), anti-nobility revolts by groups of artisans (Germanias).
The economy
Grew in the 16th centrury and decline in the last few decades.
2. THE HISPANIC MONARCHY UNDER FELIPE II
Fight for dominance and economic problems
Sebastian I of Portugal died without a heir.
2 person wanted the crown and the throne:
Felipe II. Nobility and merchants support him.
Antonio (grandson of Manuel I). Cities and working classes supported him.
Felipe II was recognised by the Portuguese Courts of Tomar (1580).
Felipe II gained 2 more enemies.
England, protestant kingdom who compete to have the Atlantic Ocean and American territories.
Flanders, 1566 a rebellion by William of Orange and noblemens was caused by the arrival of Calvinism and economic problems.
The Royal Treasury went bankrupt many times.
Because Felipe funded his armies by metals from America and money from Castilla.
Tercios, military infantry units (Habsburg), the members were volunteer.
