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CABLES , NOTE, HUB, COLLISION DOMAIN, CAT5e cables have mostly replaced…
CABLES
COPPER
Copper twisted pair-cables used in networking are CAT5, CAT5e & CAT6 cablesless cross talk -> higher data transfer
- CAT6 cables have a shorter max_distance
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FIBER
Fiber cables contain individual optical fibers which are tiny tubes made out of glass
- They are less prone to electromagnetic interference
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NOTE
Twisted Pair Ethernet cables offer multiple levels of protection against EMI, RMI & Cross Talk
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CROSSOVER CABLE KEY
ENDPOINT-1 of Ethernet Cable
- Pins 1 & 2 > Green wires for sending data
- Pins 3 & 6 > Orange wires for receiving data
ENDPOINT-2 of Ethernet Cable
- Pins 1 & 2 > Orange wires for sending data
- Pins 3 & 6 > Green Wires for receiving data
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HUB
All the devices connected to a hub will end up talking to all the other devices at the same time
- It's up to each system connected to determine if the incoming data was meant for them or to ignore if it isn't.
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COLLISION DOMAIN
It refers to a network segment in which network devices share the same physical communication medium and compete for the same bandwidth. In other words, it is a section of a network where data packets from multiple devices can collide with each other, causing data loss and network congestion.
A collision domain is a network segment where only one device can communicate at a time. If multiple systems try sending data at the same time, the electrical pulses sent across the cable can interfere
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NOTE:
Not only single nodes can be servers or clients
Individual computer programs running on the same node can be server and client too
- e.g. Sometimes Mail Server can be referred to as server even though it's itself a client of DNS SERVER