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Russian Revolution - Coggle Diagram
Russian Revolution
October Revolution & Lenin
Lenin
part of the Bolshevik party
wanted regular people to have land, wanted Soviets in power instead of the Provisional Government
was forced by the Provisional Government to leave the contry with Stalin
comes back when the Bolsheviks start to seize more power; organized the October Revolution
October Revolution
October 1917
riots and protests in Petrograd, but far more violent than during the February Rev.
the Bolsheviks take control of the coutntry, establishing the Soviet Union
the government is overthrown through force, unlike the Feb. Rev., where the tsar abdicated by himself
White Army
want the tsar back on the throne and are supported by the Allies
White Army storms Petrograd to "restore order"
met with resistance made mostly by Bolsheviks and led by Leon Trotsky
Red Army
the majority of the population and support the Bolsheviks
Rise of Stalin
Stalin may have poisoned Lenin, which led to his death
Lenin writes a Testament before his death, stating that due to Stalins authoritarian ideas, he needs to be removed from the position of General Secretary.
Stalin gains power nonetheless
Joseph Stalin vs. Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky was Lenin's right-hand man
Led the Red Army during the Russian Civil War
Lenin had concerns for both Stalin and Trotsky, but was especially concerned about Stalin
Stalin allied himself with Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev (against Trotsky)
Misleaded Trotsky about the date of Lenin's funeral to make him look disloyal
Made any disagreements and conflicts between Lenin and Trotsky public
Trotsky is exiled from the Communist Party and eliminated
Stalin allies himself with others against Kamenev and Zinoviev and they were eventually expelled
Propaganda
Influencing russian's actions and beliefs
Censoring ideas they disagreed with
radio, lectures, art, posters, education, books, movies, theatre, newspapers
Taking pictures with people, especially children, to portray himself as the father of Russia
His speeches were recored on vinyl records so people could listen to them at home
He cropped people who he had eliminated out of photos and added himself to photos he wasn't in
Great Purge
Mass murdering or those that Stalin viewed as enemy
anyone who disagreed with Stalin’s notions, who spoke out against him, who was a party member that Stalin thought might try and overthrow him, people who were acting in a way that the government didn’t like
Ran by NKVD
Ordinary people were taken away from their homes, lost loved ones who Stalin killed
Forced to work in camps (gulags) for the benefit of the Soviet Union
punishing people
keeping Stalin’s enemies away from him
fighting for their life
too weak to oppose him
the country benefited from their unpaid labor
5 Year Plans
Main goals
Rapid industrialization that matches Western powers
New sources of power (oil and coal)
Collectivization in order to create efficient state-run farms
Key results
The industry grew
Major projects began to take place
Power increased
Collectivization of farms was successful
90% of the agricultural land was collectivized and in vast state-run farms
Peasants didn’t like the collectivization because they didn't want to lose their land and they were called kulaks
If people didn't follow the government's orders, the police would take their warm undergarments, shoes, pillows and religious icons.
It was partly successful based on the goals that were set, but it was at the expense of the suffering of peasants and their families.
Holodomor
Ukraine was opposed to Soviet ruling
Threat to Soviet regime
Five Stalks of Grain
If anyone (even a child) is seen taking food from a collective field, they would get shot
54 645 sentenced, 2 000 killed (1933)
Famine - People stared leaving their homes to search for food
Stalin prevents them from leaving
Internal tickets
Farmers can't travel without an official permission
Ukranians were dying from hunger, eating everything they could - grass, cats, dogs, cannibalism
3.9 million deaths
Russian had 4.27 million tons of grain from Ukraine (1932)
Able to feed 12 million people per year (1932)
Able to feed 10 million people per year (1933)
Exported Ukraine's grain & foodstuffs to other countries (not Ukraine) for cash
Millions of deaths due to starvation
Russian Revolution
Causes
Delayed Industrial Revolution
Overpopulation
Insufficient food (cold climate)
Russian famine of 1891-1892 (400 000 deaths)
Poor leadership
Rasputin
Tsar Nicholas II's german wife
Tsar Nicholas II's lack of training
Costly wars
Crimean War
Defeat (450 125 Russian casualties, Territorial losses_
Russo-Japanese War
Defeat (86 100 Russian casualties, humiliation)
World war I
Defeat (1 451 000 Russian casualties, major territorial losses)
Effects
Tsar Nicholas II Abdicates
Power Vacuum
Failed Provisional government
End of Romanov Rule
End of the Russian Monarchy