Luis Madrigal Period 3 (Digestive & Urinary System)
Disorders
Digestive enzymes
Major functions of the digestive system
Major organs of the digestive system
Layers of the GI tract
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Major organs of the urinary systems
Major functions of the urinary system
Helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
Regulates pH and body fluid volume
Filters salts and wastes from the blood
Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Ureters- transporting urine from the renal pelvis into the bladder
Urinary Bladder- relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra
Nephrons- removing all waste products including the solid wastes, and other excess water from the blood, converting blood into the urine, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion of numerous substances.
Urethra- allows urine to pass outside the body
Kidneys- removes wastes and extra fluid from your body
composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule; inside the renal corpuscle is the glomerulus and the tubule consists of proximal convoluted tube, nephron loop, distal convoluted tube, and the collecting duct.
contains glomerulus that filters the blood in renal corpuscle and the renal tubule leads to the collecting duct while nutrients and waste are being reabsorbed and secreted.
breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
stomach- takes in food from the esophagus, mixes it, breaks it down, and then passes it on to the small intestine in small portions
Submucosa- promote local stirring at the mucosal surface, to improve secretion and the absorption of nutrients
Muscularis- propels the food through the GI tract
Serosa- helps suspend the gut in the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities by attaching itself to surrounding structures
Mucosa- composed of epithelium cells and a thin connective tissue, contains specialized goblet cells that secrete sticky mucus throughout the GI tract.
Unused materials are discarded as feces
absorbed nutrients go into the bloodstream so the body can use them for energy, growth and repair
Proteolytic enzymes- Pancreas; break down proteins or partially digested proteins into peptides
Nucleases- Pancreas; Breakdown nucleic acids to nucleatides
Pancreatic lipase- Pancreas; Break down fats to fatty acids and glycerol
Peptidase- Intestinal mucosal cells; break down peptides to amino acids
Pancreatic amylase- Pancreas; Break down starch to disaccharides
Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase- Intestinal mucosal Cells; break down disaccharides into monosaccharides
Pepsin- Gastric chief cells; begins protein digestion
Intestinal lipase- Intestinal mucosal Cells; breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Enterokinase- Intestinal mucosal Cells; converts trypsinogen to trypsin
Salivary amylase- Salivary glands; begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking down starch to disaccharides
Colon Diseases
Peptic Ulcers- Sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum.
Bladder Cancer- When cells of the bladder grow abnormally
Inflammatory Bowel Disease- A chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract
Urinary Tract Infection- The abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract combined with symptoms
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- A chronic disease that occurs when the esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing contents of stomach to go back up.
Kidney Stones- When urine has high levels of minerals and salts
Cholecystitis- An inflammation of the gall bladder
small intestine- helps to further digest food coming from the stomach, while finishing digestive process
esophagus- transport food entering the mouth through the throat and into the stomach
large intestine- absorbs water and changes the waste from liquid into stool
pharynx (throat)- carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth
rectum- receives waste from the colon and stores it until it passes out of the body through the anus
mouth- moistens food so it moves more easily through your esophagus into your stomach
anus- detects rectal contents, whether they are liquid, gas or solid, and then control when stool should and shouldn't be excreted from your body.
liver- make and secrete bile and to process and purify the blood containing newly absorbed nutrients that are coming from the small intestine
pancreas- makes pancreatic juices called enzymes
gallbladder- stores bile, a thick liquid that's produced by the liver to help us digest fat
Colorectal Cancer- Uncontrolled cell growth in the colon.
Hemorrhoids- Inflammed veins in the rectum or anus