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Psychological Disorders, Vocab - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Psychoanalysis
        
        Talking cure (Freud)
        
        Free association (saying whatever)
        
        Resistance (mental block)
        
        Transference (transfer emotions/thoughts onto therapist
        
        Interpretation (conclusion of dream meanings, resistance .. ect.)
        
        Building relationships with patient
      - Humanistic
        
        Carl Rogers
        
        Promoting self-fulfillment
        
        Reduction of inner conflicts
        
        Promotion of inner growth
        
        Promote self-awareness and acceptance
        
        Promote taking responsibility
        
        Echo the patient, restate, seek clarification
        
        Therapist must demonstrate, empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard
        
        Reflection: listening without judgement or interpretation. Does not direct client; allow client to come to self-actualization
      - Behavioral
        
        Counter conditioning
        
        Exposure therapies
        
        Systematic desensitization
        
        Aversive Conditioning
        
        Operant conditioning
        
        Token economy
      - Cognitive
      - Group/Family
    - - Drugs
      - Brainstimulation
      - Surgery
      - Lifestyle changes
    - - Change negative thoughts about present, future, and themselves
      - Challenging people's automatic negative thoughts
      - Change irrational thoughts to rational
      - Beck
- - - - Commonality
        
        Many have more than one disorder
        
        1 in 5
        
        Anxiety is the most common
        
        Very common
      - Anxiety
        
        Irrational tension and uneasiness
        
        Lifetime prevalence 6%
      - OCD
        
        Unwanted repetitive thoughts and ritual
        
        LP2%
      - PTSD
        
        Learned helplessness
        
        Re-experiance events
        
        Avoidance and emotional numbing
        
        Social Withdrawl
        
        Insomnia
        
        Heightened arousal
        
        LP7-9%
      - Panic Disorder
        
        Regular panic attacks that may be irrational
        
        Can lead to agoraphobia (fear of no escape)
      - Phobias
        
        Social anxiety
        
        Fear of public humiliation, LP12%
        
        Specific phobia
        
        fear of objects and scenarios
        
        Animals
        
        Blood injection
        
        Injuriy
        
        Natural environment
        
        Situation
        
        LP12%
        
        Miscellaneous
      - Cognition
        
        Hypervigilant: attend more to threatening stimuli
        
        Interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening
        
        Higher chance of recalling threatening event
      - Biology
        
        Genes
        
        Epiginetics
        
        Amygdala hypersensitive
        
        Anterior cingulate cortex (hyperactive in monitoring and checking for errors)
    - - Bipolar
        
        Mania cycles with depression
        
        Working in creative professions
        
        Americans
        
        High suicide risk
        
        Equal gender ratio
        
        LP1%
        
        Low serotonin
        
        Low norepinephrine (depression)
        
        High norepinephrine (mania)
        
        Instable sodium pumps
      - Major depressive disorder (unipolar depression)
        
        Over 2 weeks people experience at lease 5 of these
        
        Depressed mood
        
        Lost of interest and pleasure
        
        Changes in appetite, sleep, energy
        
        Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
        
        Problems with concentration
        
        Suicidal thoughts or plans
        
        Male LP12% Female LP20%
        
        Decreased brain activity in the frontal lobe
        
        Low serotonin and norepinephrine
        
        Learned hoplessness
        
        Rumination
        
        Higher in wester societies/ lack of commitment to religion and family
        
        Substance intake
        
        Drugs increase depression
        
        Veganism helps undo depressions
    - - For 1 month, person must display 2 of the following
      - Delusion, Hallucination, Disorganized speech, abnormal motor activity, negative symptoms
      - At least one symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
      - Person functions poorly in various life spheres prior to symptoms
      - Beyond 1 month, person must continue to display impaired function for 5 more months
      - symptoms
        
        Delusions: Ie main character complex
        
        Disorganized thinking and speech
        
        Hallucinations
        
        Inappropriate affect: Ie laughing at a funeral
        
        Diminished speech
        
        Blunt/flat affect
        
        Loss motivation
        
        Impaired theory of mind: Ie can't take someone else's perspective
        
        Catatonia: Ie motionlessness or extreme excitement
      - Type
        
        Chronic
        
        Appears late adolescent/ early adulthood
        
        Progresive
        
        Acute
        
        Can appear at any age
        
        Results from trauma or stressor
        
        Greater likelyhood of recovery
      - The brain
        
        ventricle size is much larger
        
        Dopamine levels are higher than normal
        
        loss of cortical grey matter
        
        loss of synaptic connection
    - - Symptoms
        
        confused identity
        
        Identity alteration
        
        derealization
        
        depersonalization
        
        Amnesia
      - dissociative fugue (identity alteration)
      - dissociative identity disorder (many personalities)
    - - Clusters
        
        A- odd eccentric
        
        paranoid
        
        schizoid (hermit)
        
        schizotypal (superstition and mystical)
        
        B- dramatic and emotional
        
        Antisocial (no remorse/ impulsive)
        
        borderline (moody/ manipulative)
        
        histrionic (must be center of attention)
        
        narcissistic (superior complex)
        
        C- anxious fearful
        
        avoidant
        
        Dependant
        
        obsessive-complusive
      - inflexible and enduring behaviors
    - - Anorexia
        
        will not eat enough
      - Bulimia
        
        eat too much and compinsate: Ie vomiting
      - Binge eaters
        
        eat too much and no compensation