Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Fungi - Coggle Diagram

- - - - based on septation
        
        Septate
        
        divided into cells with the help of internal walls (septum)
        
        coenocytic (nonseptate) hyphae
        
        does not have internal walls/septum
      - based on function
        
        reproductive hyphae
        
        aerial hyphae that carry different spores
        
        mycelium
        
        collection of hyphae
        
        aerial hyphae
        
        directed above the surface of media
        
        vegetatie hyphae
        
        penetrate the media and absorbs food
  - - - hyphae adapted for trapping and killing prey
- - - - gwemination
      - mitosis
        
        plasmogamy
        
        haploid cells from two different mycelia fuse to form a heterokaryotic cell with two or more nuclei
  - - - heterokaryotic stage
        
        karyogamy
        
        nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote
      - zygote
        
        Meiosis
        
        Haploids spores are formed
      - spores
        
        germination
        
        multi-cellular mycelium is formed
      - mycelium
- - - - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
        
        arbuscular mycorrhizae
        
        glomus
    - - sac fungi
        
        sexual spores borne internally in sacs called asci
        
        Saccharomyces
    - - Zygote
        fungi
        
        resistant zygosprangium as sexual stage
    - - club fungi
        
        elaborate fruiting body called basidiocarp
        
        basidlomycota
    - - Chytrids
        
        motile spores with flagella
        
        Batrachochytrium
    - - deuteromycota
        
        fungi imperfect
    - - unicellular fungi that are obligate intracellular parasites
        
        Encephalitozoon
      - form a very early-branching lineage of eukarya
      - number of species are human pathogens
- - - - feeding on dead or decaying organic matter
      - hyphal tips release enzymes
      - enzymatic breakdown of substrate
      - products absorbed back into hyphae
- - - - method of asexual reproduction
        
        fission
        
        simple splitting of a cell into 2 daughter cells by constriction and formation of a CW
        
        budding
        
        production of a small outgrowth from a parent cell
        
        fragmentation
        
        hyphae break up into their component cells that behave as spores (arthrospores)
        
        asexual spore foromation
        
        most common method that vary in color size, shape, number, arrangement of cells and manner by which spores are borne
        
        sporangiospore
        
        borne within a sporangium
        
        zoospores (motile, with flagella)
        
        aplanospores (non-motile)
        
        conidiospore
        
        exogenous
        
        growing outside
        
        1 more item...
        
        blastospores
        
        budding spore
        
        based on spore development
        
        thallic
        
        develop by septation and fragmentation
        
        arthrospores
        
        chlamydospores
        
        blastic
        
        develop by budding and swelling
        
        single spores
        
        1 more item...
        
        chain of spores
        
        1 more item...
        
        spore germination
        
        spore
        
        germination
        
        germ tube, vegetative hyphae, and forward direction of growth
  - - - three phases
        
        plasmogamy
        
        union of 2 protoplasts bring nuclei close together within the same cell
        
        karyogamy
        
        fusion of 2 nuclei brought together by plasmogamy
        
        meiosis
        
        reduces the number of chromosomes to haploid
      - example
        
        Gametangial contact
        
        Gametangia come in contact, but do not fuse
        
        Gametangy (ascomycota)
        
        Somatogamy
        
        Fusion of somatic cells during plasmogamy
        
        planogametic copulation
        
        gametes of complementary mating types
        
        anisogamy
        
        males and females produce sex cells, or gametes, of different sizes
        
        oogamy
        
        small motile male gamete and a large much less motile female gamete
        
        isogamy
        
        fusion of similar gametes.
        
        Gametangia fuse and give rise to a zygote that develops into a
        resting spore
        
        Gametangiogamy (Ascomycota)
        
        Spermatization
        
        Fusion of hyphal tips of two complementary mating types
- - - - association between fungi (mycobiont) and algae/cyanobacteria (photobiont); used as biomonitors of atmospheric quality
      - soredia
        
        common reproductive structures of lichens
      - uses
        
        food
        
        wila (Bryoria fremontii)
        
        north america
        
        iceland moss (Cetraria islandica)
        
        northern europe
        
        Umbilicaria esculenta
        
        traditional korean and japanese foods
        
        lichenometry
        
        determine the age of exposed rock surfaces based on the size of lichen thalli
        
        biodegradation
        
        degrade polyester resins and accumulate lead and copper
        
        production of dyes, pH indicators, and antibiotic
        
        usnic acid
        
        suppression of tuberculosis, bioactive compound mainly founds as a secondary metabolite in lichens
        
        aesthetic appeal