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05 THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram
05 THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION
1 THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION (1917)
economic hardship
general demoralisation
a war marked by defeats
ration cards
trigger for the new revolutionary outbreak
small quantity of provisions to be able to subsist in times of scarcity
striking workers and women led popular demonstrations
slogan of the Bolsheviks
‘peace, bread and land’
general revolutionary strike
tsar realised that he no longer had support
he adbicated
It triumphed
Soviets rebelled
seizing local power
constituting Soviets
Two poles of power in politics
both were heirs to the Revolution of 1905
but different goals
liberal: Duma
revolutionary: Soviet
agreed to form a Provisional Government
democratic freedoms
constituent assembly
political amnesty
allowed Lenin(leader of the Bolsheviks) to return from his exile in Switzerland
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, Lenin
presented the April Theses at the Conference of Soviets
he refused to cooperate with the Provisional Government
defended the new phase of the revolution aimed at taking power
outright rejection of the war
establishment of a Republic of Soviets
nationalisation of the land and of banks
brilliant law student
active member of the Bolshevik Party since its foundation
in 1917 he returned to Russia to lead the Bolshevik Party
His strategy's outcome
seizing of power in the October Revolution
"All the power for the Soviets"
2 THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION (1917)
The Provisional Government
tried to boost the war effort
social tension
Alexander Kerenski
head of the government
entrusted the supreme command of the army to General Kornilov
tried to overthrow the government
military dictatorship
immediate cause of a new revolution
Lenin
made the decision to move to an armed uprising
From the Smolny Institute, seat of the Petrograd Soviet (formerly St. Petersburg)
Bolsheviks organised the October Revolution
took the Winter Palace
dismissed the Provisional Government
warning shots from the cruiser Aurora
announced the triumph of the revolution
spread the idea of communist revolution worldwide
3 THE FIRST REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
On 26 October
the Soviet of People’s Commissars or Sovnarkom
chaired by Lenin
decrees were signed
Decree on Peace
to end the war
Decree of Land
legalised the peasant appropriations of assets belonging to
Crown
Church
landowners
Private ownership of land was abolished
passed to the local Soviets
It was distributed among the peasants
Economic decrees
nationalisation of the banks
control of companies by the workers
the tsar’s government's debts weren't recognised
Decree of the right of self-determination
Decree of the Tcheka
political police to combat the counterrevolution
Decrees for the emancipation of women
complete equality between men and women
THE CONGRESS OF THE SOVIETS
assembly of representatives from all local councils constituted by the people in Russia
legislative body of the dictatorship of the proletariat
only workers participated
he bourgeoisie and nobles were excluded
made laws
elected members of the Sovnarkom
In October 1917
the Bolsheviks became the majority
Constituent Assembly
Elections by universal suffrage
won in 1918 by the Socialist Revolutionary Party
members= "Esers"
rejected the Sovnarkom decrees
disolved by the Bolsheviks by force who argued that
there had been electoral fraud
the true representation of the people was in the Congress of Soviets
Mensheviks and Esers denounced a coup d’état
The tsar and his family were executed in July 1918
many people went into exile
In March 1918
Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
immediate end of the war for Russia
in exchange for
the loss of important territories
It lost more than 1/3 of the population
as well as wealth
industry
minerals
agriculture
Finland
Baltic States
Poland
part of Ukraine
Belarus
TROTSKY
Lev D. Bronstein
outstanding student
In 1905
he excelled as the organiser of the Petrograd Soviet
in 1917
he held important posts in the Bolshevik Party
responsible for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918
organised the Red Army during the Russian Civil War (1918–1920)
