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unipolar depression: cognitive explanation - Coggle Diagram
unipolar depression: cognitive explanation
general
what an individual attaches to them are derived from their core beliefs which develop over their lifespan
NATS- negative automatic thoughts
cognitive explanation believes that psychological disorders do not arise from events but from meaning an individual attaches to them
therapist
the cognitive therapist helps clients to identify and 'reality-test' the cognitions that underlie their negative patterns of behaviour and feelings. to develop more adaptive thoughts and beliefs
rather than assume that clients views are distorted or correct the therapist treats every statement as a hypotheses to be tested
bias
memory bias- will stay stuck in depressive thoughts as they are more easily accessible
reasoning bias- thinking errors that lead to incorrect conclusions
attentional bias
daily thought record
allows them to identify maladaptive thoughts
five column worksheets that help distinguish between situations; thoughts and feelings.
guided discovery/ socratic questioning
designed to being information about NATs into client's awareness
asking questions that promote reflection
downward arrow technique
unpacking clients appraisals of events and situations. in doing so you reveal core beliefs that may be dysfunctional
safety seeking behaviours
behaviours to mask behaviours when you can't avoid negative situation
behavioural experiments
designed to encourage positive new info that tests individuals existing beliefs
activities undertaken by clients between sessions- 'homework'
common distortions in thinking
selective abstraction- focusing on a detail taken out of context while ignoring other features of the situation e.g. a goalkeeper blaming himself for a loss
overgeneralisation- when an individual arrives at a sweeping conclusion based on a single and often trivial event. e.g. minor spelling error on UCAS so do not view themselves as worthy
magnification/ minimisation- grossly overestimating or underestimating the significance or magnitude of an event e.g. a low grade on one essay