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The local impacts of oil palm expansion in Malaysia: An assessment…

- - - - Species found in plantations tend to be generalists, non-forest species (including invasives) and pests which they are mostly no need a conservation concern
- - - - Population tripled (96,900) based on BDO, 2010
      - Area planted amounted to approximately 217,949 ha which is equivalent to approx. 28% of district land
      - District population compromises oil palm shareholders
      - Oil palm is the main cash crop, followed by rubber, rice and coffee
    - - Sungai
      - Tidong
      - Kadazandusun
  - - - Terusan 2
      - Reka Halus
      - Terusan 1
    - - Processed by Sapi mill
      - Daily capacity to produce 60 tonnes of crude palm oil (CPO)
      - Over 20% FEB processed comes from independent smallholders
      - Smallholders are not bound by contractual agreement to sell their FFB
- - - - Positive impacts; Provide job opportunities to comparatively poor and remote areas,
        
        Increased income and improv living conditions; employees provided with free housing, treated water supply, electricity, healthcare amenities such as clinic and insurances.
        
        Provide school and education increases the chance of community to be employed.
      - Negative impacts; - Increased burden of household chores with the increasing demand for time and effort in plantation related work
        
        Increase in daily expenses due to decline in farm produce, the needing of obtain their food resource financially.
  - - - Positive Impact
        
        Primary sources of incomes by the resident
        
        Higher return-Perceived high prices compared to traditional livelihood activity.
        
        Perceived ease of managing oil palm plantation
        
        Flexible time
        
        Household member able to engage with other small business
        
        Able to hire foreign worker to work on plantation compared to other activities
        
        No longer restricted to working at a specific time of the year
      - Negative impact
        
        Unstable income
        
        FFB prices unstable
        
        (from MPOB 2011) Prices of FFB in 2011 range from RM600 to RM800 per tonne but in 2006 the range prices of FFB approximately RM260 per tonne.
  - - - Negative impacts
        
        Land is gradually turned into palm oil plantations, resulting in the loss of land-based resource
        
        Most of the local residents are not informed or consulted ahead prior to the implementation of the oil palm plantation in the area.
        
        Oil palm cultivation significantly reduced fish stocks, restricted access to forest resources, and loss of cultivated land space.
        
        This directly affects their economic balance and their quality of life.
        
        The exploitation towards natural resources such as the river and forests, reduced their yield of natural resources and increases their burden by relying more on money-bought food sources.
        
        Household chores and tasks are becoming harder for the locals since the river which they rely on as a water source, had been polluted and they have to change to rainwater as a new water source.
      - Positive Impacts - Oil palm plantations induce the development of the area, creating roads, easing access to the village and providing job opportunities - The new roads ease commuting between villages, increasing their economic activity to market their goods in nearby towns and improve social connections between villages. -Improved commuting abilities of children to go to school