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Heart - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Atrioventricular valves
        
        Tricuspid
        
        Bicuspid
    - - Semilunar valves
        
        Pulmonary Valve
        
        opening between right ventricle into pulmonary trunk
        
        Aortic Valve
        
        opening between left ventricle into Aorta
- - - - electrical signature
        
        Pacemaker potential - slow depolarization is due to both opening of Na+ channels and closing of K+ channels
        
        Depolarization - begins when pacemaker potential reaches threshold, then Ca2+ influx thru Ca2+ channels
        
        Repolarization - Ca2+ channels inactivating, K+ channels opening allowing K+ efflux and return to most negative voltage
  - - - electrical signature
        
        Rapid Depolarization due to Na+ inflow
        
        Plateau due to Ca2+ inflow when voltage gated slow Ca2+ channels open and K+ outflow when some K+ channels open
        
        Repolarization from closure of Ca2+ channels and K+ outflow as more K+ channels open
        
        allows for refilling of heart chambers
  - - - difference in electrical potential between 2 points
    - - voltage difference across membranes of all cells
    - - membrane potential of excitable cell at rest (not stimulated) averages between -60 and -90 mV
        
        difference in concentration of ions across plasma membrane
    - - Electrocardiogram
        
        Dysrhythmia or arrhythmia
        
        disturbance in electrical rhythm)
        
        Bradycardia
        
        less than 60 bpm
        
        Tachycardia
        
        more than 100 bpm
        
        atrial fibrilation
        
        not as serious, p wave wonky
        
        ventrical fibriliation
        
        very serious, life-threatening, must treat with defibrilator
- - - - outer wall, not attached to heart
      - Serous Pericardium
        
        Parietal layer
        
        lines fibrous pericardium
        
        Visceral Layer (Epicardium)
        
        covers heart surface
        
        Adipose in thick layer in some places
        
        Coronary blood vessels travel thru this layer
        
        Pericardial cavity
        
        space filled with pericardial fluid
    - - painful inflammation of membranes, can put dangerous pressure on heart
  - - - smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels
      - covers valve surfaces and is continuous with endothelium of blood vessels
    - - layer of cardiac muscle
        
        spirals around heart producing wringing motion, vortex of heart
      - fibrous skeleton of the heart, framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
        
        structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle and anchor for valve tissue
        
        electrical insulation between atria and ventricles, important in timing and coordination of contractile activity