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Bleeding disorders - Coggle Diagram
Bleeding disorders
Common bleeding and coagulation disorders
hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency)
von Willebrand disease
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Physiology of hemostasis & coagulation
Vascular Spasm
In vascular spasm, the smooth muscle in the walls of the vessel contracts dramatically.
Formation of the Platelet Plug
platelets clump together, become spiked and sticky, and bind to the exposed collagen and endothelial lining.
Coagulation
Those more sophisticated and more durable repairs are collectively called coagulation, the formation of a blood clot.
Side effects and complication of ITP treatment
Steroids
Irritability
stomach irritation
weight gain
Splenectomy
Increased risk of infection
Blood transfusion
hemolytic transfusion reactions
Define thrombocytopenia & list its causes
Defintion
Thrombocytopenia occurs when your bone marrow doesn’t make enough platelets, which are blood cells that form blood clots to help stop bleeding.
Causes
Bone marrow doesn’t make enough platelets.
Conditions that use up the platelet supply or destroy the platelets
Spleen traps platelets so they can’t circulate through the bloodstream.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
two clinical subtypes.
acute
Chronic
Etiology
Patients with ITP develop autoantibodies against platelet membrane proteins, specifically glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex, GP Ib/IIa, and GP VI.
Clinical manifestation and diagnostic investigations of ITP
Clinical manifestations
Easy bruising
abnormal bleeding
cuts that keep bleeding
Diagnostic investigations
CBC
Blood smear
Bone marrow tests
Describe the management of ITP including recent developments in this field
Management
Corticosteroids
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Platelet transfusion
Recent developments
Sutimlimab
decreases complement-dependent cytotoxicity
fostamatini
Decreases antibody-dependent phagocytosis of platelets
Rozanolixizumab
Decreases the half-life of IgG
Platelets role in the coagulation process
Essential mediators that trigger the mechanical pathway of the coagulation cascade upon encountering any damage to the blood vessels.
Difference between childhood and adult ITP
Childhood ITP is often benign and self-limited, whereas ITP in adults tends to be more chronic and difficult to treat.
Splenectomy: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
The spleen is responsible for removing these damaged platelets and therefore removal of the spleen can help to keep more platelets circulating in the body.