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Angela Luna P.2 Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Angela Luna P.2 Digestive & Urinary System
Digestive Enzymes
proteases (for proteins)
amylase (for carbohydrates)
lipases (for lipids)
nucleases (for nucleic acids)
Major Functions of Urinary System
excretion: removal of metabolic waste products from the body
maintains water balance: adjusts blood volume and blood pressure
assist in maintaining electrolyte / salt balance
assist in maintaining acid base / pH balance of blood by controlling the loss of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions in urine
secretion of hormones
Ureters: transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Urinary bladder: temporary storage reservoir for urine
Urethra: transports urine out of body
Layers of GI Tract
Mucosa
secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones
absorbs end products of digestion
protects against infectious disease
tunic layer that lines lumen
Submucosa
consists of areolar connective tissue
contains blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles, and submucosal nerve plexus that supply surrounding GI tract tissues
abundant amount of elastic tissues that help organs to regain shape after storing large meal
Muscularis externa
muscle layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
contains inner circular muscle layer and outer longitudinal layers
Serosa
outermost layer made up of the visceral peritoneum
Major Functions of Digestive System
take in food
break it down into nutrient molecules
absorb molecules into the bloodstream
rid body of any indigestible remains
Major Organs of Urinary System
urethra
urinary bladder
ureter
kidney
renal pelvis
nephron
collecting duct system
distal convoluted tubule
kidney tubule
Major Organs of Digestive System
Alimentary canal
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
Accessory digestive organs
teeth
tongue
gallbladder
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
Location of Digestion and Absorption of Each Macromolecule
Absorption
Villi increases surface area for bloodstream as active/passive transports move the food subunits; large fatty acids & glycerol enter the lacteals & lymphatic system
Carbohydrate
oral cavity & small intestine
glucose & fructose
Protein
stomach & small intestine
peptides & amino acids
Lipid
oral cavity, stomach, small intestine
fatty acids & glycerol
Nucleic acid
small intestine
phosphates, pentose sugars, nitrogenous bases
Nephron Anatomy/ Physiology
Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus- filters blood
Glomerular capsule- collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus
Renal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule- selectively reabsorbs useful substances by active transport
Nephron loop- transport of ions and water and the concentration of urine
Distal convoluted tubule- regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH
Collecting ducts
collects urine from the nephrons and moves it into the renal pelvis and ureters
Disorders
Cholecystitis- an inflammation of the gallbladder
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- a chronic disease that occurs when the esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing the contents of the stomach to move back into the esophagus
Inflammatory Bowel Disease- a chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract
Peptic Ulcers- sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Colon Diseases
polyps- growths
hemorrhoids- inflamed veins in the rectum/ anus
Bladder Cancer- when the cells of the bladder grow abnormally and have one or more tumors
Urinary Tract Infection- abnormal growth of bacteria along urinary tract and most common site is in the bladder
Kidney Stones- when the urine has high levels of minerals and salts, hard stones can form