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Kayla Rodriguez P.3 Urinary and Digestive Systems - Coggle Diagram
Kayla Rodriguez P.3 Urinary and Digestive Systems
Layers of GI tract
Submucosa
lies under the mucosa
nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal
Muscularis
inner circular layer & outer longitudinal layer
propels food through the canal
Mucosa
inner layer of the wall
protects the tissues of canals
Serosa
outer serous layer of visceral peritonieum
protects underlying tissues and secretes fluid to reduce friction between organs
Functions of Digestive System
Breaks down food and absorption of nutrients
Mechanical: break down of large pieces of food into smaller ones
Chemical: breaks down large nutrients molecules into smaller chemicals by breaking the chemical bonds.
Location of Digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
lipids
mouth, stomach, small intestine
proteins
in stomach and intestine
Carbohydrates
mouth and small intestine
nucleic acids
in small intestine
Digestive Enzymes
Salivary amylase
begins carbohydrates digestion by breaking down starch
pepsin
begins protein digestion
Pancreatic amalyse
breaks down starch into disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase
breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
trypsin
breaks down proteins or portially digested proteins into peptides
nucleases
breaks down nucleic acids into nuleotides
peptidose
breaks down peptides into amino acids
intestinal lipase
breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
enterokinose
converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Nephron anatomy and Physiology
Glomerular Filtration
filters water and small substances from blood plasma & transports it into the glomerus capsule
Tubular reabsorption
process of useful filtration substances are transported from filtrate to the blood
proximal convoluted tubule is where reabsorption occurs
Tubular secretion
process with additional wastes from blood are moved from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule
reverse of tubular reabsorption
wastes and large molecules join forming of urine
Nephrons is a functional unit of the Kidney that can produce urine independently
Disorders of Digestive and Urinary systems
Colorectal cancer
Bladder Cancer
Peptic
Urinary tract Infection
Inflammatory Bowel disease
Kidney stones
Gastrosophageal Reflux disease
Cholecytisis
Organs of Digestive System
esophagus
transports food entering the mouth through the throat and into the stomach
stomach
in takes in food from the esophagus
it breaks it down with acids and passes it to the small intestine
Pharynx
carries air, fluid, food, and fluid from the nose and mouth
Tongue
surface has projections called papillae, which provides friction for moving food in the mouth
Mouth
receives food and starts mechanical digestion by chewing
Teeth
break down the food into smaller pieces
Large Intestine
absorbs electrolytes & water
Has important bacteria
Producing and absorbing vitamins
Takes the feces to the rectum
Salivary glands
secretes saliva which moistens and dissolves food particles, binds them together and helps to cleanse the mouth, teeth, and begin carbohydrates
Small intestine
Receives enzyme from the stomach
absorbs and digestive end products
receives pancreatic juices and bile
absorbs nutrient s and extracts water that arrives as chyme
transports the remaining wastes to the large intestine
Pancreas
makes pancreatic juices
makes hormones
palate
it prevents reflux of air and liquids into the nasopharynx during speech and swallowing
liver
maintains proper blood concentrations of glucose and other nutrients
synthesizes proteins, cholestrol
stores glycogen, vitamins, iron
filters blood by removing damaged RBC's and foreign substances
Gallbladder
stores bile
Organs of Urinary System
kidneys
regulates the volume, composition and PH of body fluids.
removes metabolic wastes from the blood in the process forming urine
helps control the rate of RBC formations
urinary bladder
it stores the urine and excretes it to the urethra
ureters
it acts as a one-way valve and transports the urine to the bladder
Urethra
it transports the urine outside of the body
Functions of Urinary System
filters salt and waste from blood
helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water production and blood fluid volume
helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure