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Xiomara S. Period 3 Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Xiomara S. Period 3 Digestive & Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive system
Digestion
mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and
absorption of nutrients
Mechanical digestion
breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones; chemical composition is not changed by this process
Chemical digestion
breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals, by breaking chemical bonds
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal (digestive tract), leading from mouth to anus,and several accessory organs whose secretions help the processes of digestion
Digestive enzymes
Salivary amylase
Begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking
down starch to disaccharides
Pepsin
Begins protein digestion
Pancreatic amylase
Breaks down starch into disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Proteolytic enzymes
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Break down proteins or partially digested proteins into peptides
Nucleases
Break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
Peptidase
Breaks down peptides into amino acids
Sucrase, maltase, lactase
Break down disaccharides into monosaccharides
Intestinal lipase
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Enterokinase
Converts trypsinogen into trypsin.
Major functions of the urinary system
Filters salts and wastes from the blood
Helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
Regulates pH and body fluid volume
Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Major organs of the urinary systems
Kidneys
which filter the blood
Ureters
which transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary bladder
which stores urine
Urethra
which conveys urine to the outside of the body
Major organs of the digestive system
Accessory Organs
Salivary gland
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Alimentary Canal
Mouth
Pharnyx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Functional unit of kidney; can produce urine independently
About one million nephrons per kidney
Consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
Renal corpuscle
Filtration structure in renal cortex, which performs the first step of urine formation
Consists of cluster of capillaries, the glomerulus, and a
glomerular capsule, a cup-shaped sac that receives filtrate
Glomerular capsule is actually the expanded proximal end of a renal tubule
Renal tubule consists of the following parts, in this order
Glomerular capsule, Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop (descending and ascending limbs), Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Urinary disorders
Cholecystitis
Bladder Cancer
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Kidney Stones
Digestive disorders
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Peptic Ulcers
Colon Diseases
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Small intestine
Receives chyme from stomach
Receives pancreatic juice from pancreas and bile from liver and
gallbladder
Finishes digestion of nutrients that arrive in the chyme
Absorbs digestive end products
Transports the remaining residue to the large intestine