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05 THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram
05 THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION
The february revolution 1917
the trigger for the
new revolutionary outbreak
was when the government introduced ration cards
These cards allowed families to acquire a small quantity of provisions to be able to subsist in times of scarcity
In February 1917
striking workers and women led popular demonstrations with the slogan of the Bolsheviks ‘peace, bread and land’
the demonstrations resulted in a general revolutionary strike
the forces of order and the Duma, aligned with the revolutionaries
When the tsar realised that he no longer had support, he was obliged to abdicate
two poles of power
would emerge from the political space left by the tsar
both heirs to the Revolution of 1905 but different characteristics and goals
one liberal, the Duma
and the other revolutionary, the Soviet
Both tried to give political direction to the revolution and agreed to form a Provisional Government
which would establish democratic freedoms, form a constituent assembly and grant political amnesty.
amnesty allowed Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, to return from his exile in Switzerland
Lenin presented the April Theses in front of representatives from the whole of Russia gathered at the Conference of Soviets
he refused to cooperate with the Provisional Government and defended the need to move to a new phase of the revolution aimed at taking power
Lenin (1870–1924)
Lenin, was a brilliant law student
An active member of the Bolshevik Party since its foundation
endured years of exile
in 1917 he returned to Russia to lead the Bolshevik Party.
strategy culminated in the seizing of power in the October Revolution with the motto ‘All the power for the Soviets"
Lenin expressed the Bolshevik ideology in the April Theses
outright rejection of the war
no support for the Provisional Governmen
establishment of a Republic of Soviets
nationalisation of the land and of banks
The october revolution 1917
During the summer, the head of government, Alexander Kerenski, entrusted the
supreme command of the army to General Kornilov
who tried to overthrow the government and install a military dictatorship
cause of a new revolution
Lenin felt the time had come and made the decision to move to an
armed uprising
from the Smolny Institute, seat of the Petrograd Soviet, the Bolsheviks organised the October Revolution
During the night of 24–25 October
revolutionary troops occupied the strategic points of the city, took the Winter Palace and dismissed the Provisional Government
The following day, warning shots from the cruiser Aurora announced the triumph of the revolution
and with it spread the idea that a communist revolution was beginning worldwide
The first revolutionary goverment
On 26 October
the Congress of Soviets constituted a government Sovnarkom chaired by Lenin
the first decrees were signed
Economic decrees
nationalisation of the banks, control of companies by the workers and the non-recognition of the debt contracted by the tsar’s government with foreigners
Decree of the right of self-determination
affected the peoples of the former tsarist empire
Decree of Land
legalised the peasant appropriations of assets belonging to the Crown, the Church and landowners
Private ownership of land was abolished and passed to the local Soviets to be distributed among the peasants
Decree of the Tcheka
political police to combat the counterrevolution
Decree on Peace
to end the war
Decrees for the emancipation of women
established complete equality between men and women
The congress of the soviets
Set up at the Conference of Soviets
its the assembly of representatives from all local councils constituted by the people in Russia
and its also the legislative body of the dictatorship of the proletariat
only workers participated, excluding the bourgeoisie and nobles
The Congress made laws and elected members of the Sovnarkom
In October 1917, the Bolsheviks became the majority
Elections by universal suffrage
were held to elect a Constituent Assembly
These elections were won in January 1918 by the Socialist Revolutionary Party SR
whose members were known as ‘Esers’ and ho rejected the Sovnarkom decrees
The Bolsheviks dissolved the Constituent Assembly by force
arguing that there had been electoral fraud and that the true representation of the people was in the Congress of Soviets
Mensheviks and Esers denounced a coup d’état.
The tsar and his family were executed in July 1918 and many people went into exile.
In
March 1918
, Lenin signed a peace treaty with Germany
the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which meant the immediate end of the war for Russia
in exchange for the loss of important territories
it relinquished more than a third of its population, and of its industrial, agricultural and mineral wealth
Russia lost Finland, the Baltic States, Poland, and part of Ukraine and Belarus
Trotsky (1879–1940)
he came from a family of Jewish peasants
outstanding student, he became interested in politics when he was very young
In 1905, he excelled as the organiser of the Petrograd Soviet
in 1917, he held important posts in the Bolshevik Party
He was responsible for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918
also organised the Red Army during the Russian Civil War (1918–1920).
