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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Coggle Diagram
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Altered Physiology
loss of self-tolerance
can lead to
activation of
antigen-presenting cells
stimulates
B lymphocytes
produce
autoantibodies
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cytotoxic T lymphocytes
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evasion of normal immune response
through
molecular mimicry
modification of antigens
prevent
recognition as "self"
autoimmune disease
potential etiological factors
Genetic Predisposition
associated with increased risk of SLE
genes involved in clearance of apoptotic cells
genes that regulate immune system
Environmental Triggers
lead to
production of autoantibodies
Infections
Epstein-Barr virus
Medications
Procainamide
Hydralazine
Hormonal Factors
abnormal estrogen metabolism
lupus T cells are more sensitive to estrogen
dysregulation of immune system
Clinical Manifestations
commonly affected organs
Skin
rashes
photosensitivity
red, raised, & round
discoid
butterfly rash (cheeks)
malar
immune complex deposition in
dermal vessels
basement membrane
inflammation & skin damage
Kidney
lupus nephritis
lab findings
hematuria
proteinuria
symptoms
peripheral edema
headache/dizziness
Immune complex deposition
renal tissue inflammation & injury
Musculoskeletal System
joint pain & swelling
due to
Immune complex deposition in joints
activation of complement
attract inflammatory cells
general signs/symptoms
fever
malaise
loss of appetite
fatigue
potential disease developments
Neurologic
seizures or psychosis
circulating immune complexes
deposit in CNS
inflammation/damage to brain tissue
antibodies can cross BBB
Pulmonary
pleural effusion
Complexes deposit in pleura
trigger inflammatory response
increased capillary permeability
accumulation of fluid
Cardiac
Complexes deposit in pericardial sac
Treatment Modalities
no cure
prevent flare-ups
maintain overall health
avoid triggers
UV light
causes
inflammation
induces
cellular apoptosis
High intake of saturated fats
affects
production of inflammatory mediators
Toxins/Drugs
modify self antigens
immunogenicity
cellular responsiveness
manage symptoms
Sx control/anti-inflammatories
initial management
NSAIDs
block prostaglandin production
relieve pain & infammation
control flare-ups
corticosteroids
suppress immune system
delay progress & resulting damage
anti-malaria drug
plaquenil
reduce inflammation
used in rheumatoid arthritis
DMARDs
suppress overactive immune/inflammatory system
Multi-system Alterations in Function
Inflammation
caused by
production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
tissue damage/dysfunction
inflammation in
joints
Arthritis
inflammation in
kidney
Renal Dysfunction
Autoantibodies
leads to formation of
immune complexes
deposit in
Skin
Lesions
Rashes
Kidneys
Glomerulonephrits
Vascular Damage
impaired blood flow
tissue damage
Brain
Neurologic Symptoms
Blood Vessels
Cardiovascular complications
Immune Dysregulation
abnormal immune responses
tissue damage/dysfunction
Lungs
Respiratory complications