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WOMEN'S SEARCH FOR HAPPINESS, (Lack of female solidarity from mothers,…

- - - - her matured perspective from her previous naivety increases the tragedy as she no longer feels 'sheltered'
    - - "Tess Durbeyfield at this time of her life was a mere vessel of emotion untinctured by experience" (II, 18) versus 'She wished she had not fallen in so readily with her mother's plans for "claiming kin"' (page before 'warm brick lodge')
  - - - idyllic and abundant imagery of the kolba ('white and bright yellow flowers') alludes to Mariam's 'bright' perspective on life and simple search for happiness versus 'she could hear so clearly now the insincerity that had always lurked beneath, the hollow, false assurances' (ch 6)
        
        reiterated through the decaying and threatening atmosphere of Rasheed's house ('the row of dying saplings" (ch 9)
- - - - asyndetic list of 'clear, bracing, and ethereal' 'new air'
      - Angel calling her 'Artemis, Demeter' encodes his superficial attraction to an idealised version of Tess
        
        Hardy's sense of apprehension at the time when Tess is at her happiest shows his futile and fatalistic view on women's search for happiness, particularly if they are impure and therefore possess an inescapable sense of isolation and rejection from society
      - her happiness here is overridden by the tragic disintegration of her relationship with Angel
        
        moments of seemingly pure joy are clouded by her tragic fate
        
        rapid change to juxtaposition of Talbothays as a 'starve acre place'
      - shown through Izz, Retty and Marian and their innocence
        
        'O Izz Huet!' (XXI, 137)
        
        'Four hearts gave a big throb simultaneously'
    - - purity of Laila and Tariq's relationship provides a symbol of hope and relief amidst backdrop of destruction, firstly engineered by Soviet takeover and occupation of 1978-89
        
        'she became intensely aware of her heart thumping...' (ch 22)
        
        and later
        
        'it was Tariq who was real, flesh and blood' (ch 19)
        
        her love for him intrudes on her grief over her brothers
      - Mariam's maternal relationship with Aziza, 'this little creature', shows how positive maternal relationships, albeit non biological, are also a refreshing example of women's successful search for happiness
- - - - undermines her brief maternal happiness with Sorrow as 'her darling'
  - - - 'He is the Mighty, the Great Forgiver'
        
        Hosseini uses examples of characters finding comfort and happiness in religion to challenge Western views on Islam and rather criticise the manipulation of religion, rather than religion itself
      - 'Give sustenance, Allah'
        
        uses religion to deal with grief
        
        'The only task Mammy never neglected was her five daily name prayers' (ch 20)
        
        the significance of religion and its vital role in their lives
- - - - 'Four hearts gave a big throb simultaneously'