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The Reign of Henry VIII (1509-47) - Coggle Diagram
The Reign of Henry VIII (1509-47)
1.Early Life and Early Reign
Henry never expected to become king. His father had intended him to have a career in the church.
Henry was very intelligent
He loved writing poetry
He loved music, and even composed
He could speak 5 languages Eng, Lat, Spa, Fre, Ita
He loved art and artitecture
Henry's older brother Arthur died, so Henry became king in 1509 upon the death of his father
Handsome, sporty tall, atheltic
He loved hunting, jousting, real tennis
Much taller than other men at the time
He was very good at sport
The perfect time?
2.The King's Great Matter
However, after 24 years of marriage, H+C had just one child, a girl called Mary.
Henry believed he was being punished by God for marrying his brother's widow.
Henry wanted a male heir to countinue the Tudor line
He sends Thomas Wolsey to get an annulment from the Pope. This would leave him free to marry someone else.
In 1509, before he becomes King, he marries Catherine of Aragon, his dead brother's widow
1529-The Pope sends Cardinal Campeggio to make a decision, but he fails to reach one
3.Thomas Wolsey
He was Archbishop of York and the Pope's legate in England
He had success in foreign policy. Famously, he arranged a meeting called the 'Field of the Cloth of Gold'
He was intelligent and hard working. But also greedy and extravagent
He also, successfully raised money for Henry, although in 1525, he nearly started a rebellion by raising taxes
Wolsey rose from being a butcher's son to one of the most important men in the country (Lord Chancellor)
Henry was furious that Wolsey did not secure his annulment. Wolsey was charged with treason, but died before the trial
4.The Rise of Protestantism
Catholic church were selling indulgences, getting rich (not helping poor) and only having services in Latin.
Martin Luther- A German Monk who wrote (in 1517) 95 points to improve the church. This started Protestantism.
People were beginning to question and disagree with the Catholic Church.
Henry VIII-Strong supporter of Catholic views at this point. He disagreed with Luther. Pope awards him title "defender of the faith"
5.Thomas Cranmer
He annuls Henry's first marriage and the marries him to Anne Boelyn without telling the Pope-she was crowned June 1533
The Pope reacts by excommunicating Henry. However, he now believed he should be in charge of the English church, not the Pope
He was a supporter Protestant views and the annulment
June 1533-Anne gives birth to a girl, much to Henry's disappointment
Henry makes Cranmer the Archbishop of Canterbury
7.The Dissolution of the Monasteries (One of the consequences)
The Monasteries were also very pro-Catholic and did not support the Reformation. Another reason to shut them down
Local landowners were happy to the buy the land and builidings.
There were about 800 monastries and nunneries, they all owned land and many were rich.
The dissolution made Henry a huge amount of money
Following the Reformation, Henry needed money to finance potential wars
6.Thomas Cromwell & The Reformation
1534-Declared marriage to Catherine of Aragon invalid & Mary therefore illegitmate.
1534-The Act pf Supremacy. This declared Henry was head of the English Church, not the Pope
1533-English people could not appeal to the Pope. King had 'entire authority'
The consequences for anyone not accepting these Acts was serious. E.g. Henry's advisor Sir Thomas More was beheaded for refusing to accept Henry as head of the church
1532-England stopped tax payments to the Pope
Henry allowed bibles to be published in English for the first time
Cromwell was Henry's chief advisor. He was pro-protestant and it was up to him to pass laws to turn the country Protestant.
8.The Pilgrimage of Grace
Oppositon to the Dissolution of the Monasteries
Claimed to be a peaceful pilgrimage and that they did not blame Henry, but wanted to free him from his advisor instead
They were led by Robert Aske
Duke of Norfolk met the rebel leaders and promised to hear them in parliament if the rebels disbanded
Thousands of people took up arms and marched to London
Henry had no intention of keeping the promises and had all the leaders executed. This sent a strong message to anyone thinking of rebelling