Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Urban development - Manilla - Coggle Diagram
Urban development - Manilla
Sustainable alternatives
Rainwater harvesting
Energy conservation
Green roofs
Green roofs increases the air quality, in the city, due to the fact that rooftop gardens help filter and reduce the amount of pollutants in the air by depositing materials into the growing area as well as through photosynthesis carried out by the plants.
Green domes
The green domes are able to conduct a process called reduction of urban heat island effect.
The heat island effect occurs when the surrounding urban areas are significantly warmer than the rural areas due to the difference in human activities (“Reduce Urban Heat Island Effect | US EPA”).
The heat island effect occurs when the surrounding urban areas are significantly warmer than the rural areas due to the difference in human activities (“Reduce Urban Heat Island Effect | US EPA”). Installing green domes and spaces would allow for this effect to reduce by a significant amount therefore regulating the temperature of the city.
The green domes have significant impact on the environment. They help reduce the air pollution and increase the air quality of the city by absorbing the carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen to circulate the clean air throughout the city.
Composting facilities
According to FAO and UNEP, up to a third of all food is thrown away. All of this food waste goes to landfills, a large contributor to sea and ground pollution. The waste food would then decompose, releasing methane gases into the air — this greenhouse gas is even more harmful to the environment than carbon dioxide (Williams College).
Community composting machines and bins have already been in use for decades in towns like tribal communities.
Tribes in Canada, such as the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, have installed compost bins and encouraged their citizens to put waste food and yard waste into these compost bins since 2005 (United States Environmental Protection Agency Solid Waste and Emergency Response).
Electric Vehicles and charging stations
E-vehicles run on electricity, reducing the air pollution in the city and providing the citizens with a healthier environment. The production of E-vehicles creates new job opportunities.
E-vehicles also cost less money to maintain and charge, which positively impacts the economy.
These vehicles need electricity to run, therefore, charge the e-vehicles, we have installed charging stations across the sustainable city for the citizens to use.
These charging stations are powered by the green energy sources that the city runs on. This has been implemented successfully in cities such as Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Oslo (Shamim).
Renewable Energy
Solar energy
Solar energy comes directly from sunlight allowing places to get energy directly from the environment (sunlight) without harming the environment. Therefore, places with excess sunlight can harness it for renewable energy.
This energy source has energy security benefits as it allows house and business owners to generate electricity without having to rely only on their local utility system (Phocos). Solar energy also aids in creating more jobs, and increases dependency on local businesses rather than using imported forms of energy. The usage of solar energy can minimise water use and enhance air quality (Energy Gov.).
‘The Sustainable City’ in Dubai is an example of a city that runs on solar energy, where all the homes are powered by solar panels. For the projected commercial complex, Trina Solar was hired to source and install solar panels with an output of 12MW (Trina Solar).
Political impact of renewable energy: provides business and job prospects, generates considerable additional federal and state tax money, and aids in the redevelopment of economically challenged areas (Science Direct).
Wind energy
A renewable energy source is wind power. It does not pollute, it cannot run out, and it lessens the need for fossil fuels (acciona). Additionally, according to the Energy Gov magazine windmills have several advantages such as more job creation, economic growth, cost effectiveness and public health benefits. Using wind energy has been proven to work effectively in multiple sustainable cities.
Underground sewage system
The chosen city of Manila has a surrounding climate of high humidity and an abundance of rainfall during the monsoon season.
Rainwater harvesting can help to reduce the strain the city has on its natural environment and help reduce chances of flooding (“Green Cities: Issues with Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Environments | Paysalia”).
The underground pipe system allows for an efficient system of transporting the collected rainwater to the rainwater tanks that treat and purity the water for potable and non potable use.
Sustainable metro
Airplanes and Airports are significant contributors to global warming and climate change, responsible for over 4% of the carbon emissions in the EU (“Airplane Pollution”).
While it’s impossible to entirely remove this impact, we can work to reduce emissions in our sustainable city. The airplanes that travel to and from the sustainable city run on a plant-based biofuel called BioForm, with aid from a company called Virent.
Airplanes travelling from Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport to Washington D.C.’s Reagan National Airport have already successfully utilised these fuels, showing a great reduction in the greenhouse gases emitted by the planes (Carrol).
Down on the ground, our sustainable city’s airport runs exclusively on renewable energy sources. Due to the vast amount of space airports take up, the airport has several solar panels generating solar energy to help power the airport (Wood).
This also reduces the temperature, solving the issue of high temperatures causing airplanes to break down and saving costs that would otherwise negatively impact the economy (ICAO).
Being situated near the coast, the airport may face problems with flooding, and while there are measures within the city to prevent this, the airport has also installed emergency communication systems and shelters to keep people safe in case of disasters.
This has been proven to work successfully in airports like Hong Kong Airport and Heathrow Airport (ICAO).
Manillas problems
Abundance rainfall
Manila receives 8 continuous months of rain fall and the average rainfall can reach up to 2,000mm of water.
waste
Metro manila collects around 10,000 tons of waste on a daily basis and it is expected to double by the next decade. This trash is disposed by burning which adds on to the already polluted and worsening air quality while the rest is dumped into the ocean/ bay area and rivers surrounding the city.
Heat waves
Manila, Philippines is located near the equator. This means the temperatures received in manila are hot all year round. added with pollution and climate change the year round average temperature is around 27° C
pollution
according to data collected by WHO, the average annual air quality index recorded in manila is around 34. this means that it is moderately high and that it can be dangerous and effect the surrounding environment of manila.
Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting can help to reduce the strain the city has on its natural environment and help reduce chances of flooding (“Green Cities: Issues with Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Environments | Paysalia”).
This can be incorporated into our city through our green roofs that have been used in all residential and commercial buildings.
The underground pipe system allows for an efficient system of transporting the collected rainwater to the rainwater tanks that treat and purity the water for potable and non potable use.
Another city we can see using rainwater harvesting to maintain a sustainable and green environment is Singapore. Singapore is a city with a limited supply of freshwater like Manila. This is why the city has implemented the rainwater harvesting system using rooftop gardens to capture water and underground storage tanks to treat rainwater for potable uses.
Step 1 of research: Researching about Manillas problems and environmental conflicts.
Step 2 of research: Research sustainable alternatives to these problems using articles, magazines, videos, etc.