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THEORIES - Coggle Diagram
THEORIES
MARXISM
RULING CLASS IDEOLOGY
a set of beliefs and values held by the ruling class in a society
these beliefs and values shape the way in which the ruling class behaves and how it exercises its power and influence
HEGEMONY
the acceptance of certain ideas and values as legitimate
the free market system reinforces capitalism's norms, so citizens get used to owning resources and making a profit.
FALSE CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS
the idea that the proletariat do not recognise that they are being exploited by the bourgeoisie and contribute to their own exploitation
CAPITALISM
capitalism is an economic system where the private sector determines how goods and services are produced and distributed
through the free market, individuals own resources and try to make a profit.
through these institutions, citizens are taught about the benefits of free markets and individual ownership, reinforcing the norms of capitalism.
BOURGEOISIE EXPLOIT THE PROLETERIAT
the bourgeoisie are the wealthy class who exploit the labour of the proletariat, by forcing them to work long hours for low wages and providing them with little to no benefits
FALSE NEEDS
desires that are created by society of a business to make people think they need something they down actually need
false needs are a form of exploitation as companies use marketing techniques to manipulate people into buying things they don't need
NEO- MARXISM
neo-marxism is an attempt to update Marxists theories to reflect the changing economic and social realities of the modern world
it emphasises the needs for more equitable and just distribution of wealth and power, and takes a critical stance against the capitalist system
IDEOLOGICAL STATE APPARATUS
the bourgeoisie maintained control of the proletariat through force and coercion and through ideology
this is through institutions such as schools, media and agencies such as the police
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FUNCTIONALISM
SOCIALISATION
the process through which individuals acquire norms, values and beliefs of their society
socialisation plays an important role in giving individuals skills, knowledge, social roles to fulfil their function within society
ORGANIC ANALOGY
compares the different parts of society to the organs of a living organism
emphasises the idea that each part of society has a specialized role and contributes to the overall stability and functioning of the whole
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ANOMIE
individuals may feel disconnected or alienated from social norms and values
result in a sense of confusion and a loss of purpose in life
FORMAL & INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
processes through which society regulate and enforce social norms, values and behaviour
formal- legal systems, government, prisons, schools, workplace
informal- friends, family
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ROLE ALLOCATION
individuals are allocated specific social roles based on their abilities, qualifications and talents
societies have specific needs and functions that must be fulfilled for social order
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