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The Russian Civil War - Coggle Diagram
The Russian Civil War
Causes of the civil war
the loss of majority for the bolsheviks in the constituent assembly against SRs in the novemeber elections
lenin wanted the constituent assembly to be subservient to the snovnarkom and they didnt agree red guards shut down the assembly - lenin lost support
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the reds
red terror
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the red terror started in August 1918 due to a failed assassination attempt on Lenin by the following September 15,000 had been killed, cheka ran concentration camps
ended press freedom, freedom of speech and opposition
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the cheka
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targted the right and then left shutting down newspapers and organisations that acted as opposition and thus a threat
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November 1917 kadets outlawed
april 1918 SRs and Mensheviks expelled from soviets as they were "counter-revolutionaries
mensheviks and SRs remained legal until 1922 but they disintergrated and some joined the bolsheviks but 2 million of them had to flee russia or ended up in concentration camps run by the cheka
cheka used violent methods to keep the public in fear so they wouldnt revolt
scalped - frozen into statues - skinned - mutilated - eaten by rats - branded - crcucifed (case for priests)
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trotsky
reformed the army by removing democratic control and put tsarist generals in charge of battilions along with political commissar to make sure the tsarist generals didnt sabotage the army - wasnt liked by idealists but strenghtened the army
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skillfull tactics - alliance with greens to beat white forces in ukraine and then turned on the greens to remove them
the whites
weakness of the whites
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regions far north east and south so forces were divided and hard to co-ordinate - yudenich in the estonia - deniken in S.russia - kolchak in the north
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white terror
unorganised mass killings of 20,000 - 100-000 people
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when kornilov died deniken brought in violent anti-semitic progroms - 100,000 - 150,000 jewish people killed in ukraine and S.russia
leaders
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yudenich - W.Russia almost successful attack on petrograd with help of brits but did not control railways so reds could bring in reinforcements
kolchak - NE.Russia naval officer closest to the tsar unpopular and eventually handed over to reds and executed
relied on foreign backing due to weak industrial control wide anti semitism made foreign backing strained when ww1 ended so did the support
foreign interventionists
leaders
david lloyd george - uk
george benjamin clemenceau - france
woodrow wilson - US
count terauchi masatake - japan
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why did the red win
reds compulsory military service with larger population - controlled railways - had industrial infastructure - lenin iron fist leadership
whites uncoordinated leadership and policy - unpopular due to violence - controlled fewer people - low morale due to no goal -
foreign interventionist disjointed stratergy due to diff reasons for reamining in russia - end of ww1 - ineadquate resources - failed to understand local forces and polictics - no domestic support - limited impact due to fi not caring after percieve threats gone
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