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liberalism - Coggle Diagram
liberalism
classical liberalism
role of the state
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minimalist state - the state must only act to protect the peace, safety and public good of the people. only has the right too impose its power on the basis of the harm principle (John Stuart mill)
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key thinkers
John locke
- humans are naturally free natural and independent and should not be under any authority.
- developed the idea of a social contract to protect people rights and resolve clashes between interests of individuals
- argued that in a state of nature humans are perfectly free with natural rights such as the right to property
- the state should be limited by the constitution
Mary wollstonecraft
- she had an optimistic view of human nature, seeing humanity at its core as rational
- formal equality should be crucial to freedom and individualism
- opposed to aristocracy believing that it created a system of unjust inherited rights
- argued for rebuplicanism, formal equality for all and protection of individual rights
John stuart mill
- emphaised the importance of education
- role of the state is to enable people to constantly improve via education
- developed the harm principle which limited society from acting on their own accord if it put others in harm
- promoted representative democracy with an educated representative to make decisions on their behalf
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view on freedom
there must be some restrictions on the freedom of the individual to prevent people from impinging upon the freedom of others with their actions (harm principle)
neo liberalism
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view on freedom
in order to achieve freedom, there needs to be no government or societal control
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modern liberalism
role of the state
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argues that the state should intervene in the economy to bring about full employment and economic growth
the provision of welfare state could be justified in the grounds of that it provided equality of opportunity
view on society
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argues that society had discriminated against minorities so they attempt to promote greater tolerance and equality of opportunity e.g. same sex marriage
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key thinkers:
Betty friedan
- argued that there needed to be changes to public values, social institutions and leadership styles to allow people to achieve personal fulfilment
John rawls
- developed the idea of original position which is an experienetn whrere people construct the idenity they would like to live in under the veil of ignorance
- the principle of distributive justice which means that inequalities of wealth are legitimate incentivise people to work harder
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view on freedom
the state should actively ensure that people are able to achieve true freedom - an enabling state would ensure as minimum standard of living