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Unit 5 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5
Pierce Administration 1853
young Americans - sought expansion - Japan next: Perry Expedition to Japan - changes the JP force them to become modern
S.A. Douglas and Kansas Nebraska Act 1854: created new territories of Kansas and Nebraska - effect of repealing of Mo. Compromise (left it up to pop sov, ignoring 36'30")
Bleeding Kansas - Lecompton vs Topeka (2 capitals, 1 claiming to be a free state & the other claiming to be a slave state, Pierce did nothing)
John Brown Raid 1859: slave rebellion, Brown gets captured & gets executed - tension contributing to the civil war
Sumner Brooks Affair 1856: "breakdown of reasoned discourse" abolitionist vs slave holder, contributed to tensions over slaver
Ostend Manifesto 1854: Pierce secret negotiations to buy Cuba from Spain for $100 mil, North furious so didn't go through with it
Pierce (Democrat) elected - seen as best man to enforce fugitive slave law (if slaves run away he'll make sure they're returned)
Election of 1860 and Lincoln Administration 1861
Fort Sumter
first battle of civil war, Lincoln sent ship to resupply the island and SC fired on it
Civil War 1861-1865
Homestead Act 1862: allowed citizens opportunity to claim a parcel of land in the western US - farm the land for 5 yrs - encouraged westward expansion & settle new territory
Emancipation Proclamation 1863: any ppl held as slaves in confederate slaves were to be set free, and free slaves could be in Union army
military advantage & later the 13th amendment
Election of 1864 - Lincoln (Union) vs McClellend (Dem)
Wanted to shed image as pro-black party: Lincoln changed name to Union Party
Andrew Johnson (war dem, only southern senator that stayed in the Union) new VP
Lincoln 10% Plan - when southern states are ready to come back, they can come back when 10% of their population swears they'll be loyal
Wade Davis Bill - passed by radicals - 50% of the ppl of the states in rebellion must swear they've never been disloyal (not possible, only ppl who can swear that is unborn babies and slaves...) - Lincoln vetoed, too radical
Lincoln Assassination 1865
Reconstruction 1865-1877
Presidential Reconstruction 1863 - 1866
Elections in South - Southerners elected former Confederates to office
Black Codes - took slave codes & replaced "slave" w/ "black"
Riots - Southern resistance, massacres where suddenly tons of blacks die
Congressional Reconstruction 1866-1877
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
Civil Rights Acts 1866 and 1875
1875 - equal access for African Americans to public transportation accommodations etc. but declared unconstitutional by SC later on
1866 - all persons born in US regardless of race of previous enslavement are US citizens
Election of 1868 - Grant vs Seymour (rep vs war dem)
Grant not going to veto anything, Reps change mind abt black voting - 15th Amendment - no persons shall be denied the right to vote based on color etc.
Jim Crow laws
Reconstruction Acts of 1867
5 military districts, recreate South, use wade davis so white people can't vote
to be readmitted confederate states must ratify 14th amendment (1866 - citizenship if born in US regardless of race or previous enslavement)
impeachment of Johnson 1868 - Republicans were mad b/c Johnson put pro-confederates in the South, survives impeachment by 1 vote b/c promised to not interfere anymore, only 6 months til next election
Election of 1868 and Grant Administration 1869
freedmen become sharecroppers, former slaves don't have money & can't go anywhere, former owners say work for me we'll split the profits then scam them - new form of slavery
Republicans pass 15th amendment
Reconstruction extended democracy through changes in voting
15th was crucial for that change
Election of 1876 - Hayes vs. Tilden
Rise of KKK & Mississippi Plan
domestic terrorism, 1k former slaves hung by KKK, reign of terror was effective b/c of Northern indifference
Miss.Plan - overthrow rep party in Miss., but used in LA, FL, SC - very messy election, violence disputed results, by 76 federal troops only in those 3 states
Compromise of 1877 - truce to end reconstruction but no evidence this compromise ever happened
Waning commitment by the North to Reconstruction killed all reform
4 parties in election
Lincoln (Rep) - no slavery in new territories
Douglas (Northern Dem) - pop sov
John Breckenridge (Southern Dem) - extension of slavery into new territories
John Bell (Constitutional Unionist) - didn't talk abt slavery
Lincoln won w/ no southern support --> south thought Lincoln couldn't represent them so SC seceeded in 1860 & other southern states followed, direct cause of civil war in 1861
Election of 1856 and Buchanan Administration 1857
Dred Scott 1857: SC ruled slaves had no right to sue in court & Congress did not have the constitutional authority to ban slavery from states - contributed to civil war tensions
Lincoln - Douglas Debate 1858: Douglas argued for pop sov and accused Lincoln of being an abolitionist while Lincoln argued to stop expansion of slavery into the US (not abolition) - Lincoln boosted his own political career - brought issue of slavery into spotlight even more, hard to compromise
Freeport Doctrine 1858: Douglas' Doctrine that slavery could only exist in places w/ support from local police, but Lincoln pointed out that if he supported the Constitution & therefore the Dred Scott decision, then he shouldn't be defending pop sov --> made him lose southern support & the presidential election of 1860
Z. Taylor Administration 1849
gold in California
enough ppl moving there for it to become a state - slavery problem returned
gold rush California wanted in as 16th free state, but there was no southern slave state to balance it
Compromise of 1850 by Henry Clay and Douglas, signed by Fillmore
5 parts
Fugitive Slave Law
CA as free
Slave TRADE abolished in DC
NM and new western territories to be pop sov (ppl in territories vote if they want to be a slave state or not
Texas debts to be paid (bribe to get two Texas senators to approve the compromise)
Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin 1852 - in response to fugitive slave law
Politics in Ante-Bellum 1850s
national polarized by regional identities, rise of abolition vs supporters of slavery