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Unit 4 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 4
Era of Reform
2nd Great Awakening 1800-1830 - Protestant religious revival as a reaction to science and rationalism - egalitarian (included everyone) but Southern baptists split from abolitionist baptists
Charles G. Finney (preacher who spoke powerfully & ppl could easily understand him) - Burned Over District
in 1st GA preachers focused on personal moral reformation, while in 2nd GA preachers emphasized moral reformation of society
moral reformation value leads to Temperance movement - 1826 American Temperance Society b/c of domestic abuse from alchohol
Cult of True Womanhood - women on pedastal as moral strength of family and that men should accept women are the spiritual head of the family & that their education should extend to compliment that
Transcendentalism
belief on human perfectibility, emphasized beauty of nature too
Ralph W. Emerson: believed moral perfection could be achieved and that you could have a religious experience just by observing nature
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Utopian Communities
Oneida Community - live communally, complex marriage - everyone belonged to everyone
Mormons - Book of Mormons, met w/ hostility & settled the Utah territory (in exchange for no more plural marriage)
Shakers - for people looking for a place they can belong (being left out of majority of developments, like the market revolution
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Abolitionism
Liberator 1831 (William Lloyd Garrison's Newspaper)- argued white people needed to take stand against slavery (w/o violence)
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Garrison had most support from women, but they soon realized they can't support other people's rights if they don't even have any
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Northern manufacturers/merchants feared it b/c of potential effects on cotton & sugar trade, & white working class feared they would lose their jobs
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most white southern farmers didn't actually own slaves, most were Yeoman farmers (independent), but they still supported slavery
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Education
push for free public education in MA - Horace Mann chosen to be Secretary of Education in MA - influential in other states universal schooling ideas
Pushback: public education = taxes to fund it anti-catholic push, poor & rural communities/farmers upset b/c they need their children to plant
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Election of 1844
Clay vs Polk (both agree to not talk abt Texas, the main issue)
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Polk Administration
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Mexican War 1846-1848
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848: negotiated by Nicholas Trist and Mexican Cession (gave up territory to US)
Did Congress have the right to restrict slavery? Wilmot Proviso (no slavery in the new territories - territories for free white men only) vs. Calhoun Memorandum (slave holder can take property anyways)
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