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ch1 logic & proofs - Coggle Diagram
ch1 logic & proofs
formal fallacy
logical errors are always invalid
formal logic
deductive argument
Modus Ponens
ex: round, donut
informal logic
inductive argument
ex: bees, moon
soundness
facts
stats
observations
informal/inductive fallacy
can be fallacious even w valid formal logic
limited choice
"black & white" choices
ex: "you're with or against us"
no nuance
to fix:
address more choices
false cause
correlation =/= causation
ex: ice cream sales rose, then crime rose, so ice cream causes crime
to fix:
use real world evidence to prove/disprove
circular reasoning
to fix:
give more evidence
cite authoritative sources
tautology
"begging the question"
conclusion assumed in premises
"true bc true"
some exceptions arent fallacious
math axioms
hasty generalization
to fix:
larger/wider sample
note all conclusions
assumptions
nondiverse sample
small sample
