Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Is the youth worker’s allegiance to the individual or the community (focus…

- - - - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-58573501
      - https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/feb/22/shamima-begum-child-trafficking-uk
      - Chapter 3 of Hamid (2016)'s book looks at Shamima's story: "I hope to contribute towards a process that seeks instead to move away from responding to pre-determined tropes of what young Muslim women should or should not do, or how they should or should not act. Instead, my intention here is to reclaim representations of young British Muslim women from the victim-focused and criminalised narratives currently dominating media and political agendas. I seek to do this through highlighting the agency of young British Muslim women through two particular spheres – their active participation in the public arena of higher education and their assertion of their Islamic rights through their personal marital choices."
      - However, what was evident were the complexities and varied motives that may have influenced women’s decisions to leave the UK for Syria. The significance of a sense of belonging, women’s agency, and identity were singled out during the discussion. Women tended to be ideologically driven, believing they were acting out of faith and hopes for a utopian ideal Islamic homeland – where they would be safe.(Hamid, 2016)
    - - The crucial issue here is, how far are Western feminists who claim to be ‘saving’ Muslim women prepared to accept Muslim women’s choices and difference, even when this is not in accordance with their views? (Hamid, 2016)
  - - - there is a clear lack of understanding and exploration of factors responsible for adoption of extreme political or ideological attitudes manifested among individuals...Such an approach obscures individual-level predictions for developing extremism and shifts the focus from individuals to group dynamics, political, and institutional manifestations of extremism
        
        For example, a study found the smallest estimates for political participation and sociodemographic factors (education, marital status, and age), while the largest effect sizes were found for psychological and criminogenic factors (depression, friendships with outgroup individuals, low self-esteem, low self-control, thrill-seeking, and attitudinal factors had the largest effect on radical intentions and behaviors (Wolfowicz et al., 2019). We now, therefore, wish to develop a counter narrative to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the causes for acts of violence and extremism, in which religion is seen as being one potential risk factor, but that it must not obscure the remaining, equally pressing and salient risk factors such as social, psychological, and economic factors underlying the potential for extremism and violence. It is also imperative to make a distinction between identifying such behavior only in individual acts of extremism and violence, and not necessarily implying that these also lead to organized and institutionalized acts of extremism, violence, or terrorism.
  - - - Psychology Approaches - importance of focussing on the individual motivations of young people rather than stereotyping/seeing extremism as one big group - what's the psychological reason for moving toward extremism?
        
        See Pakistan paper and 'The Paradox of Hope: A Psychodynamic Approach to Understanding the Motivations of Young People Engaged in Violent Extremism Bragin (2021)'
        
        Looks at 3 specific stories and the various needs of each individual and how these were addressed
      - SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM: symbolic interactionists believe that our society is socially constructed by the meanings we attach to social interactions and events (https://helpfulprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/sociological-paradigms-definition.jpg)
        
        Criticisms of symbolic interactionism around it ignoring macro-level things - perhaps this is where we ground our theory more in anarchist/social constructionist theories Lewis?
- - - - Neoliberaliam
      - Margaret Thatcher
        
        ‘Who is society? There is no such thing! There are individual men and women and there are families and no government can do anything except through people and people look to themselves first […].’ (Thatcher 1987)
      - https://www.grin.com/document/436061
- - - - https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR308.pdf
    - - for human progress and against individualism
        
        utilitarianism: An act is morally right if it produces greater happiness for the greater number of people.
  - - - https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/pakistans-alarming-rise-in-terrorism-is-fueled-by-afghanistan/
- - - - popple - fuzzy term - community (this is grounded in social constructionist way of thinking I believe)
        
        Contested, copmplicated
        
        Homogonous group
        
        Romanticised idea - does it really exist?
        
        More than 40 years ago, Bell and Newby (1971) found 98 different definitions of the term, while Abrams (1978: 11) declared that:
        The concept of community for its part is slowly being evicted from British sociology, not because there is agreement on the empirical collapse of community, but rather because the term has come to be used so variously and different relationships, identified as those of community, have been discovered in so many different contexts that the word itself has become almost devoid of precise meaning.
        
        definitions of community are elusive, imprecise, contradictory and controversial.
        
        The first is defined in terms of locality or territory which is often known as neighbourhood; the second as a communality of interest or interest group such as the ‘black’ community, or the Indian community or the Jewish community; the third, a group composed of people sharing a common condition or problem, such as alcohol dependency or cancer, or a common bond such as working for the same employer