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Enzymes - Coggle Diagram
Enzymes
Function of enzymes
Biological catalysts, speed up reactions in the body
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Active sites
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For an enzyme to work, the substrate must fit into the active site
If a substrate doesnt match the enzymes active site, the reaction won't happen
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Lock and Key model
Shape of the substrate is complemetary to the shape of the active site, so when they bond, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex
Once bound, the reaction takes place and the products are released from the surface of the enzyme
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Optimum conditions
Temperature
At lower temperatures, molecules move more slowly, so substrate molecules take longer to fit into and react in the active site
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At very high temperatures, the bonds that hold the enzyme together will break and the enzyme will denature and the substrate no longer fits in the active site
Substrate concentration
At low concentrations, not every active site of each enzyme is busy, so increasing the concentration will increase the rate of reaction as the substrate is more likely to land into an active sire
However if you keep increasing the concentration, at a point (saturation point) this will have no effect on the rate of reaciton as all the active sites will be occupied
If there are more molecules, the enzymes is more likely to meet and react with the substrate
pH
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If the pH is too high or too low, it interfers with the bonds holding the enzyme together, and it begins to denature, this decreases the rate of reaction as the substrate no longer fits in the active site
Optimum pH varies, depending on where the enzyme works
Energy in food
Calorimetry
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Process
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2) Add a set volume of water to a boiling tube, this will be used to measure the amount of energy that has been transferred
3) Measure the temperature of the water with a thermometer, then set fire to it usinga Bunsen burner flame
4) Immediately hold the burnign food under the boiling tube until it goes out, then relight the food and hold it under the tube, keep doing this until the food won't catch fire again
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