Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
4.1 Atomic Structure - Coggle Diagram
4.1 Atomic Structure
Basic Structure
Electrons
-charge
Protons
+charge
Neutrons
0 charge
Mass Number
Number of protons and neutrons
Atomic Number
Number of protons
Determines how many electrons the atom has
Isotopes
Element with different numbers
Radioactive Decay
Activity
Measured in becquerels (Bq)
Rate at which a nuclei decays
Random
Which nuclei and when it will decay is unpredictable
Count-Rate
Measured using a Geiger-Muller tube
Half-Life
Time for number of unstable nuclei in a given isotope to halve
Atomic Models
Bohr Model
Central nucleus, electrons in energy levels orbiting it
Plum Pudding Model
Ball of positive charge with negative charges scattered throughout
Alpha Scattering
Proves:
Atom mostly empty space
Nucleus is small and positively charged
Nuclear Radiation
Energy Levels
Arrangement can change with the absorption or emission of EM radiation
Gamma
EM radiation
Very penetrating
Only stopped by a few cm of lead
Beta
High speed electron
Emitted when a neutron turns into a proton in nucleus
Alpha
2 neutrons and 2 protons (same as helium nucleus)