(1) Officially "Annual Financial Statement", dealt u/a 112 prepared by Dept of Eco Affairs;
Term "Budget" not mentioned in Ct

(1) No DFG except Pr recommendation, No money from CFI w/o law
(2) u/a 265 -> can't impose tax w/o law; Pt can reduce/abolish tax but cannot increase
(3) It distinguishes charged expenditure, normal expenditure

Non votable by Pt; Salaries & allowances of <>;
Debt charges on GoI

(1) Presentation - By Finance Min to LS on 1 Feb;
Comprises of Budget speech, AFS, DFG, Appropriation bill, Finance bill, Statements of FRBM Act etc ....

To reduce demand -> 3 motions
(1) Policy Cut Motion -> Disapproval of policy, reduced to 1rs, alternative policy suggest;
(2) Economy Cut Motion -> economy affected by demand, reduced by certain amount;
(3) Token Cut Motion -> It ventilates a specific grievance within responsibility of GoI, reduced by 100rs

Last day on discussion on DFT, Speaker put all (discussed+undiscuused) demands to vote

(1) Considered Money Bill; To provide for taking out money from CFI
(2) Used for DFG (schemes, Pt discuss and vote) + Charged exp (Pt discuss but can't vote)

(3) Vote on Account -> Ct authorise LS to make grants in advance (for 1/6 of total demands for 2m)
Now not reqd as Budget presented on 1 Feb

(1) Supplementary Grant -> if earlier demand insufficient
(2) Additional Grant -> sudden need arise
(3) Excess Grant -> If excess money spent than granted, voted after FY
(4) Vote of Credit -> To meet unexpected demand, blank cheque by LS
(5) Exceptional Grant -> For special purpose and forms no part of current service
(6) Token Grant -> Funds needed for a new demand/service, a DFG for token sum 1rs passed and later funds made available

(1) All receipts added including revenue receipts, loans raised, repayment of loans);
(2) All payments subtracted;
(3) No money deducted w/o law (except charged exp)

(1) Includes PF deposits, judicial deposits, saving banks, dept deposits, remittances etc
(2) Operated by executive action
(3) No Pt permission/law reqd (except on creating separate fund for 1st time)

(1) At disposal of Pr to meet unforeseen situation before authorized by Pt
(2)Increased from 500Cr to 30,000Cr
(3) Refilled from CFI

Not defined in Ct ; During election year OR extreme situation;
Budget presented in same manner but w/o unethical populist announcements;
Valid for full FY but new Govt may present fresh budget

(1) Exclusive powers on Union List and residuary subjects ; Overriding powers on Concurrent List

(2) Laws on State List under 5 circumstances ->
1=RS passes resolution with special majority;
2=National Emergency;
3=Requested by >1 states;
4=Necessary to to give effects to international commitments;
5=President's Rule

(3) All ordinances approved by Pt within 6m of reassembly
(4) Delegated/Executive/Subordinate Legislation

(1) Control over executive through QH, ZH, NCM etc;
(2) Supervise executive through committees;
(3) CoM responsible to LS

(1) Control over executive before/after releasing funds;
(2) Rule of lapse in Budget

Pt can amend Ct in 3 ways; Subjected to Judicial Review

Impeach Pr/VPr ; Removal recommendation of CJI/SC/HCs judges, CECer, CAG to Pr;
Punish members/outsiders for breach/contempt

Election of Pr/VPr ; Make laws related to elections

(1) Approve emergencies ; (2) create/abolish SLCs on SLAs request ;
(3) Can alter boundary/change state names ;
(4) Regulate org and jurisdiction of SC/HC and can establish common HC for >1 state

(1) Recognized in >=4 states;
(2) Won >=2% vote from >=3 states;
(3) Polled >=6% in >=4 states in last LS/SLA election and has >=4 MP in last LS
Currently 8, can be removed too

(1) NRI allowed to vote but physically present
(2) Other methods ->
1=Proxy voting by classified service sector (BSF, CRPF etc)
2=Electronic ballet

British - supreme, no judicial review and limitations

no modification in decision by Pt/SLA; no court challenge