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organisation of neighbourhoods (chp 1.4) - Coggle Diagram
organisation of neighbourhoods (chp 1.4)
spatial scales
extent of an area in which a phenomenon or process takes place
scales can be at different hierarchies (a system in which members of an organisation or society are ranked according to relative status or authority) including global, regional and local
global areas consists many regions, then countries, then smaller spatial units within countries like provinces or districts
nested areas are smaller areas located within larger areas
knowing spatial scales help us understand how events or processes at one spatial scale may affect people and nature at other spatial scales
examining phenomena and/or processes at different scales can provide us with different perspectives based on spatial patterns and trends observed
spatial scales in sg
in sg, there are more than 20 towns
each town has a town centre with concentration of activities
each town centre may serve as commercial and social hub for residents
e.g. there are large gathering places in centres like punggol town square and festive plaza at our tampines hub where community activities take place regularly
some may have integrated transport hubs where bus interchanges and train stations are near shopping malls
e.g. bishan bus interchange and train station make it convenient for visitors from other towns to visit Junction 8 mall
convenience of town centres may attract visitors from other towns to visit, making it viable (capable of working successfully) for large shopping malls
may attract business to locate their offices in the centres, as they can take advantage of lower costs and reduce travelling time
design of town centres help us understand sg's larger and long-term goals
e.g. roads in proposed tengah's town centre will run underground to encourage walking and cycling at ground level
contributes to goal of reducing carbon emissions and enhancing liveability
spatial hierarchies observed in sg
there are nested areas of diff sizes
residential unit > precinct (1 HDB block) > neighbourhood > town
neighbourhood comprises of few precincts, and a few neighbourhoods make a town
precinct
400-800 residential units form a precinct
facilities are often within close proximity
playgrounds, community gardens, covered linkways are located near each other, enhancing convenience, accessibility and catering to various needs
some facilities are spread throughout precinct to meet needs
bus stops are spread out in regular intervals so there is a bus stop near every block, which ensures most residents in precinct can have easy access to bus stops
neighbourhood & town :
1 serves between 4000-6000 residents
town's neighbourhoods can be found surrounding town centre, which enables all residents to travel to and from centre conveniently
each town has wide range of facilities and features that enhance residents' convenience and meet their needs :
e.g. extensive roads, cycling and pedestrian networks enable residents to travel easily from 1 precinct to another or from 1 neighbourhood to centre
shops and schools
facilities also complement one another to serve residents
some neighbourhoods have integrated facilities that bring amenities under 1 roof
e.g. bukit panjang bus interchange is located next to a train station and also has community spaces, eldercare and childcare centres, food outlets and medical centre
town planning in sg
serves residents & provides for nature at distinct levels of precinct, neighbourhood and town
land in each town is mostly allocated for housing, industrial and commercial development
remaining land is set aside for roads, schools, parks, essential development
facilities:
enable each town to be self-sufficient and provide employment opportunities
often complement each other
e.g. tengah will feature a 5km long forrest corridor to support rich biodiversity
neighbourhood level: residents have opportunity to farm together at community gardens
town level: dedicated network will enable residents to travel conveniently within tengah on foot or by cycling
create connections and synergies across precincts, neighbourhoods and towns
connections and synergies are created to help achieve sustainability
long-term plans at national level seek to achieve this by optimising scarce land resources to cater to diverse needs of current and future generations
e.g. in sg, urban redevelopment authority (URA) coordinates long-term planning for sg, which involves multiple stakeholders and agencies. the plan maps us land uses and infrastructure needs in sg over the next 50 years, where plans are reviewed every 10 years.
diverse needs, competing land uses and space for key infrastructure, train lines and cycling networks are also considered
as both a city and a sovereign state, sg needs to accommodate other uses that are typically not located in cities, which means urban planners in sg have to consider planning for military facilities, waste treatment plants, power stations, seaports and airports
e.g. senoko waste-to-energy plant is a waster treatment plant that is located near 2 towns, woodlands and sembawang. the plant not only manages pollution concerns through waste treatment, but also maximises benefits like job creation and education opportunities for students in nearby towns. thus, synergy is produced as considerations for both nature and people are taken into account