IH mind-map: Cause of Renaissance:
Short-Term effect
Long-Term effect
Black Death
Crusade
Ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351
Caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas carried by rats
Killed an estimated 25 million people, or roughly one-third of Europe's population
Social impact in Europe after the Black Death:
Labor Shortages
Changes in Agriculture
Urbanization
Religious and Cultural Changes
Economic Changes
Due to many people dying, there was a shortage of labor in many parts of Europe
This led to higher wages for workers, as employers competed to attract scarce labor
labor shortage also led to changes in agricultural practices.
With fewer workers available, many landowners turned to more efficient farming methods, such as the use of plows and horses
This led to greater productivity and a shift towards large-scale farming.
People need to move from rural areas to cities to search of work
This led to the growth of cities and the emergence of a new urban class.
Many people turned to religion for comfort and solace in the face of the pandemic
Others blamed Jews and other minority groups for the disease, leading to persecution and violence.
The sudden decline in population led to a decrease in demand for goods and services, which in turn led to a recession.
Increasing interaction between different cultures during the Middle Ages
The primary goal of the Crusades was to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims, the campaigns also brought Europeans into contact with a range of other cultures and civilizations, including Byzantine Greeks, Mongols, and Muslims.
Increased interaction fueled the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies, and contributed to the growth of trade and commerce in Europe
In all, there was eight major Crusade expeditions, it was all occurred between 1096 and 1291.
Led to the establishment of Christian kingdoms in the Holy Land
Kingdoms were home to a diverse range of peoples, including Christians, Jews, and Muslims
The increased interaction between different cultures that occurred during the Crusades played a significant role in the cause of the Renaissance.
Exchange of ideas and knowledge that occurred during this time helped to spark a renewed interest in classical learning and humanistic values
Crusades also contributed to the growth of trade and commerce
Scholars and artists were exposed to new ideas and technique
Helped to fuel the economic growth and stability that characterized the Renaissance
increased wealth and prosperity, helped to create an environment in which cultural and intellectual pursuits could flourish.
The Renaissance men (e.g. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo)
The role of merchants(i.e. Medici family)
Classical heritage of Greco-Roman Culture
The emergence of humanism, different artistic and technological innovations
Role of city-states
Why is a city-state important?
Renaissance benefited greatly from the richness of the Italian city-state.
By supporting artists, scientists, and philosophers, wealthy families were able to advance new ideas and aesthetic movements.
What is a city-state?
A territory that is autonomously governed by a significant city is known as a city-state
Italy is an example for the city state
Example of the city-state in Italy
Millan
Venice
Florence
Rome
Renaissance started in Florence
The influential Medici Family, who controlled it, used their wealth to promote Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, among other painters.
The enormous dome on the Florence Cathedral is one of the first examples of Renaissance architecture.
Early in 1400s, Milan was still a Middle Ages metropolis devoted to the conquest of Florence and battle.
But in 1450, the Sforza family seized control. They established calm in the area, and the Renaissance's fresh concepts and artistic creations followed.
Due to trade with the Far East, the island city of Venice had grown into a strong city-state.
Venetian trade, however, started to decline after Constantinople was taken over by the Ottoman Empire.
Venice, which was renowned for its exquisite glassware, ruled the seas near Italy's east coast.
Rome's city-state and Catholic Church were both under the pope's control
In 1447, Rome started to promote the arts and commissioned works by Raphael and Michelangelo, helping to fuel the Renaissance.
The emergence of humanism, artistic and technological innovations played a critical role in the Renaissance.
The Renaissance was a period of significant cultural, artistic, and intellectual growth that occurred in Europe during the 14th through 17th centuries.
This new way of thinking was reflected in the arts, which saw a shift away from the stylized forms of the Gothic period towards a more realistic and naturalistic style. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were celebrated for their ability to capture the beauty and complexity of the human form, while writers such as Dante, Petrarch, and Shakespeare explored the human experience with greater depth and nuance.
Technological innovations also played a significant role in the Renaissance.
The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century revolutionized the production and dissemination of knowledge, making books more widely available and affordable.
The rediscovery of classical Latin and Greek writings by writers like Cicero, Plato, and Aristotle contributed to the revival of classicism during the Italian Renaissance.
During the Early Renaissance, Italian writers often drew inspiration from their ancient Greek and Roman predecessors while creating plays and poetry.
The poets Dante and Petrarch stand out in this regard. The Divine Comedy by Dante frequently references classical poetry, particularly Virgil's Aeneid, and is written in the form of a three-act drama in the tradition of ancient Greece.
This classical resurgence went beyond Italy to other nations in Europe.
The role of merchants played a significant role in the Renaissance. During this period, merchants were among the wealthiest and most influential members of society, and their economic power helped to fuel the growth of trade and commerce, which in turn fueled the cultural and intellectual growth of the Renaissance.
Merchants were instrumental in creating a new economic system that fostered innovation and entrepreneurship
The wealth and power of merchants also helped to create a new urban culture that emphasized individual achievement and the potential of human beings.
Merchants also played a significant role in the patronage of the arts and sciences during the Renaissance
The Medici family of Florence
A wealthy banking family that played a significant role in the cultural and intellectual growth of Florence during the 15th and 16th centuries.
The Medici were instrumental in promoting the growth of humanism and the arts in Florence, supporting the work of artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
The Medici were also patrons of the sciences, supporting the work of scientists.
The Medici family's wealth and influence helped to create a cultural and intellectual environment in Florence that fostered innovation and creativity.
A well-rounded person who was talented and skilled in many different fields was referred to as a Renaissance Man.
Leonardo Da Vinci
Some of his most well-known works, such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
DaVinci was a gifted mathematician as well
DaVinci studied theology, or the study of religions, and was a Christian, like many Renaissance Men of his time.
Different from the past
Renaissance Men and Renaissance Women
Da Vinci would have studied classical Greek and Latin.