How can the foam in the Elephant's Toothpaste reaction take 6 seconds to reach the top of a measuring cylinder?
Expense
Chemical Reaction
Materials
The effect errors possess on the experiment: how they impact the results can the conclusions that can be made about the data at hand
Resolution of materials
Potential Factors
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst
Dish Soap
Brand of Dish Soap
Speed of which the reaction is catalysed, depending on other factors such as the kind of catalyst, surface area, temperature.
Higher temperatures result in faster reaction time, as there is more kinetic energy of particles in the chemicals, which can lead to higher rates of reaction.
State of catalyst; aqueous solution, solids. These states can affect how effective the catalysts are, as they reduced or increase the surface area in which the solution of hydrogen peroxide is catalysed
Lower temperatures result in slower rate of reaction, as the particles are colder and possess less kinetic energy to collide with particles, which results in lower rates of reaction
Consideration of collision theory
Higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and chemical factors, leading to faster reaction, or increased rate of reaction
Quantity of successful collisions of particles
Higher kinetic energy
Colour of Dish Soap
Food dye, for indication of reaction
Comparison between chemical endpoint and human determination of endpoint, eg. the chemical reactions that take place, that indicate the presence or significance of endpoint
More expensive equipment or apparatus
More expensive chemicals
Quality of equipment, high or low
Budget for the experiment
More potent chemicals: they will result in faster hypothesised reaction rate, but the expense of potent chemicals is higher priced than desired
Quality and reliability of chemicals: price of chemicals in comparison to their reliability, or quality. May take more money to retrieve chemicals with higher qualities
Safety
Range of prices: the range of chemicals and ranges for reliable and valid sources of data collection need to be considered. Each market of the materials have higher and lower price ranges
Thought: Purchasing higher quality equipment means that each piece of material must be of high quality, otherwise the occurrence of errors may impact the data on a larger scale.
Thought: Purchasing low quality equipment may be cheap and affordable to test the question, but having poor qualitative equipment results in low reliability and validity
Bulk buy
Measuring Cylinders with varying volumes
Random errors
Precision
Systematic errors
Accuracy
How does the materials used affect the validity of the data that will be recorded?
How reliable is the data going to be, with the different materials
High
Low
High
Low
Moderate
Moderate
the correlation between the materials and how the data can be affected
The ways in which the catalyst can be delivered into the hydrogen peroxide solution, it may be automated via a machine, or could be done via hands on experiment
Effectiveness of each different type of dish soap
Dawn
Palmolive
Joy
Morning Fresh
Glitz
Northfork
Earth Choice
Types of Dish Soap
Biodegradable
Sensitive
Bacterial Removal
Scented
Lemon
Grapefruit
Peach
Eucalyptus
Measurement
Molar
Per unit volume
Density
Red
Blue
Green
Does the colour of food dye fade as the reaction is catalysed?
100.0mL, 6 seconds to reach the top may result in faster reaction, more potent catalyst or conditions to boost the reaction rate
50.0mL, the standard measuring cylinder option
High
Low
options for stores
Places that have multiple supplies
Minimise time spent for purchasing
Time is money: the preparation time required to purchase all of the materials and the time it takes to retrieve every single piece of equipment will take a lot of time
Storage
Decomposition of chemicals, may reduce the rate of reaction, which can reduce the theorectical 6 seconds
Transport of chemicals
Temperature of storage environment
Camera
Slow motion
Smartphone camera
Brand of camera
Canon
Sony
Panasonic
Nikon
Fujifilm
the correlation between the data recorded by the camera and the chemical rate of reaction
Quality of materials
Lifetime of materials
New
Used
Time of Manufacture
Safety equipment: use of fire-extinguishers expends money, as well as the purchasing of additional safety equipment to ensure safety
Backup materials
Hired safety staff: to supervise and ensure the safety of the experimenters, eg. the foam may catalyse quickly and could harm experimenters, which may cause fees to arise for hiring staff
Laboratory appropriate clothing
Lab coat
latex gloves
Goggles
Distilled water
Cleaning equipment
Dustpan
Waste Bucket
Broom
Paper towels
More absorbent tissues or wipes
Time allocated for experiment
6 seconds for reaction to reach top of measuring cylinder
Number of trials possible
Time taken to setup and pack up
Elephants toothpaste
Money saved
Costco
Hardware stores
Factory manufacturing
Larger branches
Higher cost of small businesses due to inflation
School has access to amounts of equipment that are both reliable and safe, which ensures a portion of expense saved
How effective is dish soap in the formation of the foam
Effervescence
Rate of how much is formed
Density of bubbles, leading to lots of foam
The theorised reaction rate
Reaction time, as an indication of the rate of reaction
The correlation between the physics of the foam rising in the measuring cylinder and the chemical reaction
Types of elephant toothpaste
Correlation to actual everyday toothpaste
Monster Toothpaste
Size of reaction
Indications of whether this is an elephant's toothpaste reaction, and not other type of "toothpaste" reaction
Toxicity of elephant's toothpaste
Connection to elephant's?
Ethics of using actual elephants?
Any other applications?
Satisfying result?
6 second
Theorectical considerations
Reaching the top
Time Limit?
Big
Small
KI
MnO4
Personal expense, or at the school's
Surface Area
Correlation between reaction time and catalysts used