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8i Attachment - Coggle Diagram

- - - - highlighted the importance of
        early parent-child relationships
        
        central to attachment theory
      - Difference
        
        Attachment Theory
        
        emphasises importance of parent-child relationship from the beginning
        
        follows the relationship and its
        influence on functioning over time
        
        Psychoanalytic Theory
        
        concerned with adult self-reports of parent-child relationship retrospectively and how it impacts functioning
    - - supported by Clark Hull
      - PC relationship develops because
        parent satisfies the child's needs
        
        Eg. Baby loves parent
        because parent feeds baby
      - Harlow
        
        Procedure
        
        separated infant
        monkeys from mothers
        
        Wire mother that provides food
        
        Cloth mother that does
        not provide food
        
        Results
        
        Contact comfort completely
        triumphs need for nursing
        
        Monkeys ran to cloth mother
        when frightened
  - - - Birth to 1.5 months
      - exhibit behaviours
        like clinging and crying
      - not directed towards
        particular person
    - - until 6-8 months
      - babies start to cry and
        smile at particular people
    - - takes into accounts parents needs
      - from 2 years onwards
      - Child able to wait for parent to
        return from completing an errand
      - child and parent are partners
    - - stay near particular people
        and crawl towards them
      - use caregivers as secure
        base for exploration
      - until 1.5 - 2 years
  - - - reacting happily to caregiver
        after separation
  - - - "all infants form
        attachment relationship"
    - - "most infants form a
        secure relationship"
      - variations in percentage of non-secure attachments across cultures
        
        Japan and Germany
    - - "individual differences in attachment
        should predict future functioning"
        
        competence in peer or
        romantic relationships
    - - "individual differences in
        attachment due to differences
        in parenting"
- - - - developed by
        Mary Ainsworth
      - laboratory procedure based
      - all infants form attachment
        to caregiver
        
        assesses the quality of
        attachment relationships
        in 1 to 2 year olds
      - Procedure
        
        Strangers are
        introduced
        
        Parent disappears
        
        Parent reappears
    - - developed by student
        of Mary Ainsworth
      - based on naturalistic observations
        of infant and mother in home setting
  - - - Can be soothed by caregiver
        when he/she returns
      - Explore freely in
        caregiver's presence
      - Greet caregiver
        warmly upon return
      - Visibly upset when
        caregiver leaves
    - - Show little or no distress
        upon separation
        
        Internally distressed
        but do not show it
        
        Show increased heartrate when
        separated from caregiver
      - Avoid contact with caregiver
        when he/she returns
      - Display more positive behaviour
        with stranger than caregiver
    - - cannot be soothed by
        caregiver upon return
      - Mix proximity-seeking
        and angry behaviours
        
        Pushing, tantrums
        
        Continue
        to whimper
        
        Ambivalent about
        what they want
      - really distressed
        by separation
    - - confused or contradictory behaviours
      - children that lack a coherent
        strategy during the procedure
      - dazed, fearful facial expressions
      - frozen postures
  - - - :chart_with_upwards_trend: resistant babies
      - babies usually not
        separated from parents
      - separation is very
        shocking for them
    - - :chart_with_upwards_trend: avoidant babies
      - babies less emotionally expresive?
- - - - habituated to animation
        of oval crying
        
        only proceeded when
        looking time was halved
        
        mummy oval returns
        to baby oval
        
        mummy oval moves
        away from baby oval