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(4.5) Right to Freedom of Religion u/a 25-28 - IIT - Individual ->…
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(4.7) Exceptions to FR
(1) Art-31
Repealed by 44 CAA (1978) ; Right against deprivation of property (FC) ; State acquire for public interest with compensation
Removed from FR and put under legal act (Art-300A) ; (1) can update with ordinary law ; (2) protect pvt property against executive not legislature ; (3) Cannot go to SC directly but can go to HC ; (4) No compensation guarantee (except minority institutions)
Art-31A
Savings of laws providing land acquisition of estates - saves <5> categories from Art-14,19 ; not immune from Judicial Review
Art- 31B
Validation of certain acts/regulations - acts in 9th schedule can't be challenged as FR violation ; Coelho case (2007) - can challenge if violation of Art-14/15/19/21/basic str after 1973 acts
Art-31C
Savings of laws giving effect to certain DPSPs ; Art-14,19 can be violated to give effect to DP 39(b/c)
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