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Evolution - Coggle Diagram
Evolution
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Speciation
Allopatric Speciation: occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated due to geographical changes such as mountain building or social changes such as emigration.
Sympatric Speciation: splitting of an ancestral species into two or more reproductive isolated groups without geographical isolation of those groups.
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Adaptive radiation: evolution of an animal or plant group into a wide variety of types adapted to specialized modes of life
Selective Process
Stabilizing selection: a type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a particular trait value
Diversifying selection: occurs when extreme values for a trait are favored over the intermediate values
Directional selection: when individuals with traits on one side of the mean in their population survive better or reproduce more than those on the other
Mechanisms of Evolution
Sexual Selection
Definition: arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex
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Genetic Drift
Definition: variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.
Founder's effect: Genes occurring at a certain frequency in the larger population will occur at a different frequency more or less often in a smaller subset of that population.
Bottleneck effect:an extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced
Natural Selection
Definition:The cumulative process of culling out organisms less well adapted and favoring better adapted organisms
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Artificial Selection
Definition: the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations
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