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Cosmological argument, Teleological argument - Coggle Diagram
Cosmological argument
Aquinas first way is the unmoved mover, everything in motion is changing from potential to actual, this state of motion is started and caused by something else. This means gods moves things without moving himself to keep himself perfect as he doesn’t have to chang.
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Aquinas second way is the uncaused causer, this means that you cannot have a final cause without a first causer, there must be something that starts this effect that is god.
Aquinas third way is the contigency and necessity, this suggests everything is contingent, there must be a necessary being that started it this would be god because if something else did it would mean there is something greater than god.
Humes critisms include the fallacy of composition which says that just because things within the universe can be explained through causes doesn’t mean there is a cause for the universe as a whole.
Example used would be the 20 particles, if you have explained each particle then you do not need to explain them as a whole
Bertrand Russell supports this and says that just because every man has a mother is not proof that the human race has a mother
Second critism is the fallacy of affirmation of the consequence which suggest that not all effects have a cause
Russel uses Analytic statements and synthetic statements to criticism aquinass cosmological argument, only analytic statements are necessary and you cannot have a necessary being i.e god . A name needs proof of existance
Other explanations for start of universe is the Big Bang this is more convincing because there was a dense concentration of matter and energy which exploded to create our stars. This would suggest whether or not the Big Bang was natraul or divine
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Teleological argument
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The teleological argument is the study of teleological or telos. Telos means that everything in the world is designed to reach a purpose
For paley the world shows pattern, organisation and design. Everything is designed for a reason and purpose otherwise it would not be designed in the first place
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The same design is found in the natraul world, for example the human eye and the fins of a fish. For paley such evidence could only be the result of a design creator (god)
Paley compares the eye to the universe. The universe itself needs the greatest designer possible and that for paley is god.
Paley looked at astronomy and newtons laws of motion and gravity to show the design in the universe, this shows regulation and routine.
Aquinas teleological arguement uses the fifth way to show that there is something regulating the universe and events that follow scientific laws are predictable.
For aquinas the reason that objects perform their job efficiently is that they were designed that way, an example would be an arrow that only heads towards its goal because its directed by something
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