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TECTONIC CASE STUDIES - Coggle Diagram
TECTONIC CASE STUDIES
earthquake
Haiti 2010
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liquefaction takes place when loosely packed, water - logged sediment at or near the surface loses its strength and results in ground shaking leading to the collapse of buildings
nearly 40,000 landslides occurred as a result of the earhtquake and are a result of major shaking
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Haiti received 13.5 billion dollars in donations which was put towards rebuilding infrastructure, providing food and water and shelter
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5 years later 500,000 people in temporary shelters and outbreak of Cholera disease
Tohoku 2011
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20,000 deaths and 6000 injured
45,700 buildings destroyed and 144,000 damaged
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100,000 defence troops mobilised within an hour
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China
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130,000 soldiers + relief within hours
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Pakistan earthquake 2005
impacts
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73,000 people died including 17,000 children
128,309 people were injured and 3.5 million left homeless
roads, water, sanitation and communication systems were destroyed
the area affected were largely mountainous which made with search and rescue and longer term reconstruction difficult
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long term
NGOs continued to supply cooking kits, blankets and building supplies
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helped nearly 60,000 people rebuild their livelihoods by providing livestock and animal feed
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volcano
Fuego Eruption 2018
primary hazards include: major ashfall, pyrocalstic flow, lava flows and lahars
secondary hazards include: mudslides and clogged drains, poor driving condition and a high risk of contamination of water sources
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cut off communication, destroyed roads, many lost their jobs and livelihoods
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The Eldfell, Heimaey volcano in 1973
experienced hazardous lava flows but were able to manage it by pumping seawater and spraying the leading edge of the lava flows to stop it from cutting off the port
multi hazard zone
the Philippines
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geographical hazards: earthquake, volcanic eruption, tsunamis and landslides
hydro - meteorological hazards: typhoons, floods, droughts and landslides
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typhoon Haiyan
killed 6,500 people and affected 11 million poeple
vulnerability
densely populated - the capital, Manila has 11 million people, increasing the risk of disaster
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landslide disaster risk has increased pressure of an increasing population have led to deforestation of upland areas for agriculture
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California
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geophysical hazards: eathquakes, volcanic activity and landslides
hydro - meteorological: droughts, wildfires, tsunamis, flooding and landslides
building on ground steep slopes, building on coastal land overlooking the ocean and the land that has previously been burnt and eroded by wildfires lead to a greater risk of landslides
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tsunami
Boxing Day tsunami 2004
also known as the Indian Ocean tsunami and ranks as one of the largest tectonic disaster in modern history
290,000 people reported dead or missing :
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countries in the region are low income and do not have the economic capacity to have tsunami protection in place
floodwaters were extremely storng and fast, rising quickly
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mitigation
70, 000 trees were planted after 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami